New bioactive dihydrofuranocoumarins from the roots of the Tunisian Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire

A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire led to the isolation of new dihydrofuranocoumarins as two inseparable isomers, (?)-5-hydroxyprantschimgin 1 and (?)-5-hydroxydeltoin 2, together with eight known compounds, (?)-prantschimgin 3, (?)-deltoin 4, psoralen 5, xanthotoxin 6, umbelliferone 7, caffeic acid 8, β-sitosterol 9 and stigmasterol 10. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectroscopy analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. The anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic effects of the isolates and antioxidant activities of the mixture (1+2) were also evaluated in this work. Results showed that the mixture (1+2) has the most cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values 0.29 ± 0.05 and 1.61 ± 0.57 μM against the cell lines HT-29 and HCT 116, respectively. The greatest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 0.76 ± 0.03) was exhibited by the xanthotoxin 6. In addition, the mixture (1+2) was investigated for its antioxidant activity and showed IC₅₀ values 18.56, 13.06, 7.59, and 4.81 μM towards DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS radical monocation, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, respectively.     

Polymorphism of Pseudocholinesterase in Torpedo marmorata Tissues: Comparative Study of the Catalytic and Molecular Properties of this Enzyme with Acetylcholinesterase

We report the existence, in Torpedo marmorata tissues, of a cholinesterase species (sensitive to 10(-5) M eserine) that differs from acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) in several respects: (a) The enzyme hydrolyzes butyrylthiocholine (BuSCh) at about 30% of the rate at which it hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine (AcSCh), whereas Torpedo AChE does not show any activity on BuSCh. (b) It is not inhibited by 10(-5) M BW 284C51, but rapidly inactivated by 10(-8) M diisopropylfluorophosphonate. (c) It does not exhibit inhibition by excess substrate up to 5 X 10(-3) M AcSCh. (d) It does not cross-react with anti-AChE antibodies raised against purified Torpedo AChE. This enzyme is obviously homologous to the "nonspecific" or pseudocholinesterase (pseudo-ChE, EC 3.1.1.8) that exists in other species, although it is closer to "true" AChE than classic pseudo-ChE in several respects. Thus, it shows the highest Vmax with acetyl-, and not propionyl- or butyrylthiocholine, and it is not specifically sensitive to ethopropazine. Pseudo-ChE is apparently absent from the electric organs, but represents the only cholinesterase species in the heart ventricle. Pseudo-ChE and AChE coexist in the spinal cord and in blood plasma, where they contribute to AcSCh hydrolysis in comparable proportions. Pseudo-ChE exists in several molecular forms, including collagen-tailed forms, which can be considered as homologous to those of AChE. In the heart the major component of pseudo-ChE appears to be a soluble monomeric form (G1). This form is inactivated by Triton X-100 within days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

化学诱导对一株海洋来源土曲霉C23-3次生代谢产物及其生物活性的影响

【背景】海洋微生物是药理活性先导化合物的重要源泉,而化学诱导是深入挖掘其次生代谢潜力的一种便捷手段。【目的】以一株海洋来源土曲霉C23-3为出发菌株,筛选出可促进其产生更丰富代谢产物(包括丁内酯类化合物)的发酵条件,进一步开发菌株在抗阿尔茨海默症方面的潜力。【方法】分别选用海水马铃薯培养基、麦芽浸膏培养基、大米培养基和大豆培养基4种基础培养基,利用丁酸钠、辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(Suberoylanilidehydroxamicacid,SAHA)、5-氮杂胞嘧啶核苷(5-azacytidine,5-azaC)、盐酸普鲁卡因(Procaine hydrochloride)、ZnCl_2和CuCl_2共6种化学诱导剂对土曲霉C23-3进行微量的诱导培养。观察该菌菌丝体形态变化,并根据薄层层析(Thin-layerchromatography,TLC)指纹图谱、化学显色及生物活性自显影结果初筛出代谢产物丰富且乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性与抗氧化活性产物丰富的诱导条件,并进行进一步常量发酵。采用上述手段及高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(High performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)分析常量发酵代谢产物的总体多样性及丁内酯类化合物的多样性。【结果】发现CuCl_2、ZnCl_2、SAHA和5-azaC可引起土曲霉C23-3菌丝体生长形态显著变化,海水马铃薯培养基+100μmol/L丁酸钠等6种诱导条件在微量培养初筛及常量发酵复筛中均可使该菌株产生多样化的活性代谢产物,其丁内酯类代谢产物也具有一定差异性。【结论】化学诱导手段可促使土曲霉C23-3产生丰富且新颖的活性代谢产物,为多样化的抗阿尔茨海默症天然产物的发现奠定了基础。     

Isolation and characterization of three pairs of indolediketopiperazine enantiomers containing infrequent N-methoxy substitution from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Acrostalagmus luteoalbus TK-43

Three pairs of new N-methoxy-containing indolediketopiperazine enantiomers, acrozines A–C (1–3), were isolated from the culture extract of Acrostalagmus luteoalbus TK-43, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine green alga Codium fragile. The optical resolution of compounds 1–3 by chiral HPLC successfully afforded individual enantiomers (+)-1/(–)-1, (+)-2/(–)-2, and (+)-3/(–)-3, respectively. The structures of all these compounds were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of their NMR and mass spectroscopic data. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the structures of compounds 1–3, while the absolute configurations were determined by TDDFT-ECD calculations. All these compounds containing a N-methoxy group which is uncommon in indolediketopiperazines. The enantiomers, (+)-2/(–)-2, showed different antimicrobial activities against several plant-pathogenic fungi, while (+)-1 displayed better inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase than that of (–)-1.     

大叶桃花心木根的化学成分研究

为了解大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)的化学成分,从其根的乙醇提取物中共分离得到13个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为1,5-dihydroxyxanthone(1)、1,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone(2)、euxanthone(3)、1,2-dimethoxyxanthone(4)、(+)儿茶素(5)、(+)sesamin(6)、bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(7)、3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid(8)、(20S)-3β-acetoxy-24-methylenedam-maran-20-ol(9)、cycloeucalenol(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin(12)和7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin(13),其中化合物1~4、6~10和13为首次从桃花心木属植物中分离得到,且化合物4对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的抑制活性。