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1.
Methods for production of containerized seedlings ofAlnus species were developed which permit nitrogen-fixing nodules to form on the root systems prior to outplanting, in order to provide an early nitrogen input during seedling establishment. The methods are based on procedures for inoculating root systems with suspensions ofFrankia (Actinomycetales), applied either directly in the container cell as a soil drench at the time of seeding, or as a root dip for seedlings transplanted into the containers. Germination of dried, stored seed was enhanced by light and by presoaking for 16 h in water. Pretreatments to overcome seed dormancy or to eliminate fungal pathogens did not further enhance germination. Some loss of seedlings was recorded in the early stages of growth shortly after germination, which is a factor in calculating projected seedling yield. Nodulation and seedling growth were evaluated in terms of growth media characteristics. Seedlings performed well in peat-vermiculite, at soil pH between 5.5 and 8.0. 相似文献
2.
Frankia is the diverse bacterial genus that fixes nitrogen within root nodules of actinorhizal trees and shrubs. Systematic and ecological
studies of Frankia have been hindered by the lack of morphological, biochemical, or other markers to readily distinguish strains. Recently,
nucleotide sequence of 16 S RNA from the small ribosomal subunit has been used to classify and identify a variety of microorganisms.
We report nucleotide sequences from portions of the 16 S ribosomal RNA from Frankia strains AcnI1 isolated from Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill and PtI1 isolated from Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. The number of nucleotide base substitutions and gaps we find more than doubles the previously reported sequence
diversity for the same variable regions within other strains of Frankia. 相似文献
3.
Restriction pattern analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from callus and cell suspension of actinorhizal and non-actinorhizal Betulaceae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using cell suspensions, a method was elaborated to isolate high-molecular-weight genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; 65 MDa or more) from members of the Betulaceae: Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Betula papyrifera Marsh. The method was also effective for isolation of DNA from callus cells. Based on the chemical lysis of protoplasts, this procedure yielded 130 μg (callus) to 250 μg (cell suspension) of DNA (g fresh cells)−1 , with a ratio A200 /A28 of 1.7–2.0. The purified DNA obtained, formed distinct bands when restricted fragments were electrophoresed. Among the 10 endonucleases used for restriction analysis of Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana and Betula papyrifera genomes, PvuI1 (EC 3.1.23.33) was unique in giving identical patterns for the two Ainus species. An unusual pattern occurred when Al-2 DNA was restricted with Ava II (EC 3.1.23.4). It formed a ladder with a repeating fragment unit of 181 base pairs long. With the enzymes tested, no differences in restriction patterns were observed among clones of Alnus incana (AI-2 vs AI-2), Betula papyrifera (BP-4 vs BP-8) and subclones of Ainus glutinosa AG-1 (PLFJ709 vs LF1709), suggesting genetic stability of the Betulaceae cultures. 相似文献
4.
Indole compounds secreted byFrankia sp. HFPArI3 in defined culture medium were identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). WhenFrankia was grown in the presence of13C(ring-labelled)-L-tryptophan,13C-labelled indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-ethanol (IEtOH), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), and indole-3-methanol (IMeOH) were identified.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC-MS with selected ion monitoring were used to quantify levels of IAA and IEtOH inFrankia culture medium. IEtOH was present in greater abundance than IAA in every experiment. When no exogenous trp was supplied, no or only low levels of indole compounds were detected.Seedling roots ofAlnus rubra incubated in axenic conditions in the presence of indole-3-ethanol formed more lateral roots than untreated plants, indicating that IEtOH is utilized by the host plant, with physiological effects that modify patterns of root primordium initiation. 相似文献
5.
Mature trees of European grey alder (Alnus incana) were micropropagated on a modified MS medium containing 2.5 M BA, 6.2 mM (500 mg l-1) NH4NO3 and 1.5% glucose. Prior to in vitro culture, mature scions were multiplied through grafting and cutting techniques. Shoot tips from cuttings were established in vitro. After six months of culture, shoots were rooted either in vitro or in vivo and plantlets were transferred to greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
6.
7.
Host compatibility of different spore-positive (Sp+)and spore-negative (Sp?) strain types of Frankia from alder stands in Finland was studied in Modulation tests with hydrocultures of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner, A. incana (L.) Moench and A. nitida Endl. Root nodules and soil samples from stands of A. incana (Lammi forest and Hämeenlinna forest) were dominated by Sp + types of Frankia (coded AiSp+ and AiSp+ H. respectively), which caused effective root nodules in test plants of A. incana, but failed to induce nodules in A. nitida. In A. glutinosa Frankia strain types AiSp + and AiSp + H caused small, ineffective root nodules with sporangia (coded Ineff ?), which were recognized by the absence or near absence of vesicles in the nodule tissue. Ineffective nodules without sporangia (coded Ineff ?) were induced on A. glutinosa with soil samples collected at Lammi swamp. The spore-negative strain type of Frankia was common in root nodules of A. glutinosa in Finland (Lammi swamp) and caused effective Sp? type root nodules (coded AgSp ?) in hydrocultures of A. incana, A. glutinosa and A. nitida. A different Sp + strain type of Frankia. coded AgSp+ Finland, was occasionally found in stands of A. glutinosa. It was clearly distinguished from strain type AiSp + by the ability to produce effective nodules on both A. glutinosa and A. incana. The nodulation capacities of soil and nodule samples were calculated from the nodulation response in hydrocutlure and served as a measure for the population density of infective Frankia particles. Sp + nodules from both strain types had equal and high nodulation capacities with compatible host species. The nodulation capacities of Sp type root nodules from A. glutinosa were consistently low. High frequencies of Frankia AiSp+ and AiSp+ H were found in the soil environment of dominant AiSp + nodule populations on A. incana. The numbers of infective particles of this strain type were insignificant in the soil environment of nearby Sp ? nodule populations on A. glutinosa and in the former field at Hämeen-linna near the Sp+ nodule area in Hämeenlinna forest. Strain type AgSp? had low undulation capacity in the soil environment of both A. incana and A. glutinosa stands, Explanations for the strong associations between Frankia strain types AiSp+ and AiSp ? H and A. incana and between strain type AgSp? and A. glutinosa are discussed in the light of host specificity and of some characteristics of population dynamics of both strain types. The possible need to adapt the concept of Frankia strain types Sp + and Sp ? to strains with some variation in spore development was stressed by the low potentials of strain type AiSp + H to develop spores in symbioses with hydrocultures of A. incnna. 相似文献
8.
Résumé Vingt souches deFrankia, isolées à partir de 7 espèces différentes de plantes actinorhiziennes ont été cultivées sur des milieux maintenus à des
pH constants de 5; 4,8; 4,6 et 4,2. Chaque souche a été cultivée 2 à 3 fois consécutives à un même pH. Quatorze souches ne
montrent aucune croissance à pH 5. Seules 3 souches résistent à un séjour de plusieurs semaines à pH 4,6. Aucune souche ne
demeure viable après un séjour dans un milieu à pH 4,2. Les 3 souches acido-résistantes supportent également la présence d'Al+++ libre dans le milieu de culture. Une forte concentration d'H+ dans le milieu stimule beaucoup la sporogénèse.
Inoculée dans un sol acide une souche acido-résistante conserve une chance de survie nettement supérieure à celle d'une souche
neutrophile maintenue dans les mêmes conditions.
相似文献
9.
Kerstin Huss-Danell 《Plant and Soil》1986,91(1):43-49
Summary A pot experiment withAlnus incana (L.) Moench growing in sand was set up to compare the amounts of nitrogen released from plants shoot litter with that released below ground as root litter and/or root exudation. No nitrogen fixation by free-living microorganisms was found in the sand and the increased nitrogen content of the plant + soil system was therefore due to nitrogen fixation byFrankia in the alder root-nodules. Most of the nitrogen released from the plants was in the nitrogen-rich leaf and other shoot litter. Only small amounts of nitrogen were found in the drainage water from the pots and were recorded as increased nitrogen content of the sand. 相似文献
10.
Summary The inoculation ofAlnus rubra (red alder) withFrankia sp. can lead to a highly efficient symbiosis. Several factors contribute to the successful establishment of nitrogenfixing nodules: (1) quantity and quality ofFrankia inoculant; (2) time and method of inoculation; (3) nutritional status of the host plant.Frankia isolates were screened for their ability to nodulate and promote plant growth of container-grown red alder. Inoculations were performed on seedlings and seeds. Apparent differences in symbiotic performance could be seen when seeds or seedlings were inoculated. Plants inoculated at planting performed significantly better than those inoculated four weeks later in terms of shoot height, nodule number and shoot dry weight. If inoculation was delayed further, reduction in shoot height, nodule number and shoot dry weight resulted. The effect of fertilizer was also investigated with regard to providing optimal plant growth after inoculation. Plants receiving 1/5 Hoagland's solution minus nitrogen showed maximal plant growth with abundant nodulation. Plants receiving 1/5 Hoagland's solution with nitrogen showed excellent plant growth with significantly reduced nodulation. 相似文献