琼胶酶研究进展

琼胶酶是一种多糖水解酶, 根据其降解琼脂糖的作用方式不同, 可以分为a- 琼胶酶(EC 3. 2.1. -) 和b- 琼胶酶(EC 3.2.1.81)。本文结合自己的研究, 从琼胶酶的生物学研究、酶的分类、晶体结构、催化机理以及酶的应用等几个方面综述了琼胶酶的研究进展。     

琼胶酶研究进展

琼胶酶是一种多糖水解酶,根据其降解琼脂糖的作用方式不同,可以分为α-琼胶酶(EC 3.2.1.-)和β-琼胶酶(EC 3.2.1.81).本文结合自己的研究,从琼胶酶的生物学研究、酶的分类、晶体结构、催化机理以及酶的应用等几个方面综述了琼胶酶的研究进展.     

Identification of a DNA sequence associated with plasmid integration in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Summary We identified a DNA element of length about 1 kb that is present in two copies in the chromosome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and is also present on the plasmid SCP1 which has been carefully defined genetically, but never isolated as extrachromosomal DNA.A copy of the element is close (within 5 kb) of a gene coding for an extracellular agarase in the chromosome of S. coelicolor A3(2) and in an NF strain, in which SCP1 has integrated into the chromosome, the agarase gene has been deleted. The element has properties reminiscent of Insertion Sequences in Escherichia coli, but it is not yet know if it can transpose.     

Optimization of medium composition and culture conditions for agarase production by Agarivorans albus YKW-34

Effect of medium composition and culture conditions on agarase production by Agarivorans albus YKW-34 was investigated in shake flasks. The most suitable carbon source, nitrogen source, and culture temperature were agar, yeast extract, and 25 °C, respectively, for agarase production by one-factor-at-a-time design. The nutritional components of the medium and culture conditions were analyzed by Plackett–Burman design. Among the nine factors studied, agar, yeast extract, and initial pH had significant effects on agarase production (p < 0.05). The optimum levels of these key variables were further determined using a central composite design. The highest agarase production was obtained in the medium consisting of 0.23% agar and 0.27% yeast extract at initial pH 7.81. The whole optimization strategy enhanced the agarase production from 0.23 U/ml to 0.87 U/ml. The economic medium composition and culture condition as well as the dominant occupation of agarase with high activity in culture fluid enlighten the potential application of A. albus YKW-34 for the production of agarase.     

Glucose repression in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): a likely regulatory role for glucose kinase

The glucose kinase gene (glkA-ORF3) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) plays an essential role in glucose utilisation and in glucose repression of a variety of genes involved in the utilisation of alternative carbon sources. These genes include dagA, which encodes an extracellular agarase that permits agar utilisation. Suppressor mutants of glkA-ORF3 deletion strains capable of utilising glucose (Glc⁺) arise at a frequency of about 10^–5 on prolonged incubation. The Glc⁺ phenotype of the mutants is reversible (at a frequency of about 10^–3) and reflects either the activation of a normally silent glucose kinase gene or the modification of an existing sugar kinase. Although the level of glucose kinase activity in the Glc⁺ supressor mutants is similar to that in the glkA ⁺ parental strain, glucose repression of dagA remains defective. Expression of the glucose kinase gene of Zymomonas mobilis in glkA-ORF3 mutants restored glucose utilisation, but not glucose repression of dagA. Over-expression of glkA-ORF3 on a high-copy-number plasmid failed to restore glucose repression of dagA in glkA-ORF3 mutants and led to loss of glucose repression of dagA in a glkA ⁺ strain. These results suggest that glucose phosphorylation itself is not sufficient for glucose repression and that glkA-ORF3 plays a specific regulatory role in triggering glucose repression in S. coelicolor A3(2).     

重组琼胶酶rAgaN3基因的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学软件和数据库对从Microbulbifer sp.BN中得到的琼胶酶rAgaN3全长基因进行预测分析,结果表明:重组琼胶酶rAgaN3理论分子量为31.243 kDa,理论等电为4.81,不稳定系数为26.23,脂肪系数为62.35,平均疏水性系数为-0.662,无跨膜结构域,无信号肽;二级结构表明该蛋白无螺旋结构,有15个折叠结构,其余均为卷曲结构;序列相似性分析表明,蛋白rAgaN3属于糖苷水解酶GH16家族,为β-琼胶酶;以同源蛋白3wz1A(同源性88%)为模板,通过同源建模构建出了蛋白三级结构,并用拉式图进行了结构检验。琼胶酶rAgaN3基因的生物信息学分析,为琼胶酶的异源表达提供了指导,为琼胶酶的定点突变、深入研究其结构和功能的关系打下良好基础。     

海洋来源琼胶酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

采用Vibiro sp.ZC-1发酵制备琼胶酶,粗酶液经过中空纤维柱浓缩、硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-阴离子交换层析,得到一个电泳纯的琼胶酶组分Aga ZC-1,其分子质量约为45k Da,比活力为114.613U/mg。对Aga ZC-1进行酶学性质分析,结果表明,其最适反应p H为7.0,在p H为5.0~9.0时保温1h仍能保持80%以上的酶活力;最适反应温度为50℃,在45℃条件下保温1h酶活力保持在60%以上。在高浓度(5mmol/L)下,Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Sn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能完全抑制琼胶酶的活性,在低浓度(1mmol/L)下,Cu~(2+)、Ba~(2+)、Na~+、Zn~(2+)、Ag~+、Sr~(3+)、K+对琼胶酶活性具有明显抑制作用。琼胶酶的动力学参数K_m和V_(max)分别为0.538mg/ml和6.33μmol/(L·min),对琼胶底物具有高度专一性,降解产物主要为新琼四糖和新琼六糖。     

Purification and characterization of agarases from a marine bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio</Emphasis> sp<Emphasis Type="Italic">.</Emphasis> F-6

Marine bacterium Vibrio sp. F-6, utilizing agarose as a carbon source to produce agarases, was isolated from seawater samples taken from Qingdao, China. Two agarases (AG-a and AG-b) were purified to a homogeneity from the cultural supernatant of Vibrio sp. F-6 through ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose FF chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. Molecular weights of agarases were estimated to be 54.0 kDa (AG-a) and 34.5 kDa (AG-b) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH values for AG-a and AG-b were about 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. AG-a was stable in the pH range of 4.0-9.0 and AG-b was stable in the pH range of 4.0-10.0. The optimum temperatures of AG-a and AG-b were 40 and 55 degrees C, respectively. AG-a was stable at temperature below 50 degrees C. AG-b was stable at temperature below 60 degrees C. Zn(2+), Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) increased AG-a activity, while Mn(2+), Cu(2+) or Ca(2+) increased AG-b activity. However, Ag(+), Hg(2+), Fe(3+), EDTA and SDS inhibited AG-a and AG-b activities. The main hydrolysates of agarose by AG-a were neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. The main hydrolysates of agarose by AG-b were neoagarooctaose and neoagarohexaose. When the mixture of AG-a and AG-b were used, agarose was mainly degraded into neoagarobiose.