Sexual dimorphism in the emergence of deciduous teeth: its relationship with growth components in height

Sexual dimorphism in the emergence of the deciduous dentition of French-Canadian children may be explained by differences in recumbent length. Relative to the chronological age scale, boys are longer and their teeth emerge earlier than girls. Recumbent lengths attained at the exact age of emergence, as estimated by fifth-order polynomials fitted to each subject's serial data, are comparable between the sexes. Multi- and univariate analyses of variance show no significant sex differences in the lengths attained at the age of emergence of the deciduous teeth. These findings suggest that clinical standards for emergence of deciduous teeth scaled relative to length rather than chronological age are more accurate and efficient.     

Regulatory processes and population cyclicity in laboratory populations ofAnagasta Kühniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). III. The development of population models

1. Life table data for interactions between Anagasta kühniella and its ichneumon parasite Venturia canescens in two room ecosystems (A & B) have been analyzed in an attempt to explain and model each room situation. The life table data have been presented in the form of a graphical key-factor analysis, and have been further analyzed by an investigation of the density relationships between the different mortalities and the Angasta densities upon which the mortalities act.
2. In room A (1.2 gm food per container), the parasites were present throughout the interaction. Egg and early larval mortality (k₁) appeared to be directly density-dependent and was the sole stabilizing influence when introduced into the model for room A. The area of discovery of the parasite was relatively constant and its mean value was used to calculate parasitism (k₃) in the model. All other mortalities were density-independent and treated as being constant at their mean values. The model predicts a series of oscillations of decreasing amplitude which are somewhat similar to those observed in the Anagasta population during the early stages of the interaction. The observed mean densities of host and parasite were very close to those predicted.
3. In room B, the parasites were absent for the first 8 generations (1- 2gm food per container). Model B₁ covers this period and includes a direct density-dependent component describing changes in k₁, the remaining mortalities being constant. The observed mean densities approximate to the calculated densities. The parasites were present from the ninth generation and after the eleventh generation the food per container was increased to 7.2 gm. Model B₂ covers the period in room B from generation 11. The most important component of k₁ after the parasites were established is a delayed density-dependent one which appeared to be due to wounding of very small larvae by the probing activities of the parasites. Since the changes in k₁ could not be suitably predicted, the observed values were used in model B₂. This delayed component was not detected in room A due to the relatively small range of parasite densities in room A compared with the 600-fold change in densities in room B. The calculated area of discovery for the parasite population in each generation was found to vary inversely with searching parasite density, and this ‘interference relationship’ was used in the submodel for parasitism. Again, this relationship was not detected in room A due to the much smaller range of parasite densities there. Model B₂ gives oscillations in host and parasite populations arising from parasitism being a delayed density-dependent mortality. The correspondence with the observed oscillations is partly due to the actual k₁-values being used and partly because the submodel for parasitism adequately describes the observed changes in k₃. The tendency for these oscillations to decrease in amplitude is due to both the damping effect of parasite interference and the direct density-dependent component of k₁.

     

我国微茎类吸虫研究:ⅩⅢ.微茎类吸虫成虫结构特征排序

对我国52种微茎类吸虫的18项成虫形态学特征进行主成分分析,结果表明:卵巢位置、子宫延伸位置等7项性状对第一主成分贡献较大,提示描述器官位置的指标是重要的分类依据。52个虫种在前三个主成分上的排序图显示应将其划分成4个亚科。     

Phytochrome control of short-day-induced bud set in black cottonwood

In trees and other woody perennial plants, short days (SDs) typically induce growth cessation, the initiation of cold acclimation, the formation of a terminal bud and bud dormancy. Phytochrome control of SD-induced bud set was investigated in two northern clones of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) by using night breaks with red light (R) and far-red light (FR). For both clones (BC-1 and BC-2), SD-induced bud set was prevented when R night breaks as short as 2 min were given in the middle of the night. When night breaks with 2 min of R were immediately followed by 2 min of FR, substantial reversibility of bud set was observed for BC-1 but not for BC-2. By comparing the effects of the R night breaks on bud set and the length of specific internodes, we determined that the R night breaks influenced internode elongation in two opposing ways. First, the addition of a R night break to the SD treatment prevented the cessation of internode elongation that is associated with bud set. Those internodes that would not have elongated under SDs (and would have been found within the terminal bud) elongated in the R treatment. Second, the R night breaks decreased internode length relative to the long-day (LD) control. In contrast to the clonal differences in reversibility that we observed for bud set, the decrease in internode length (i.e. the second effect of R) was R/FR reversible in both clones. Based on these results, we conclude that internode elongation is influenced by two distinct types of phytochrome-mediated response. The first response is a typical response to photpperiod, whereas the second response is a typical “end-of-day” response to light quality. Our results demonstrate that SD-induced bud set in black cottonwood is controlled by phytochrome but that clonal differences have an important influence on the R/FR reversibility of this response. The availability of an experimental system in which SD-induced bud set is R/FR reversible will be valuable for studying the physiological genetics of photoperiodism in trees.     

底物膜技术检测精子顶体酶活性的研究

应用底物膜技术检测１３０例正常精液,精子顶体酶活性百分率的正常值下限为５７％。４５９例不孕症病人精液分析,无精症２５例,其余４３４例中７５％精子顶体酶活性正常。实验表明精子密度对数值与顶体酶活性百分率之间有正相关,ｒ＝０．８４（Ｐ＜０．０１）,回归方程为顶体酶活性百分率ｙ＝４８．４３％＋（８．９％）（ｌｏｇ精子计数）。活动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间有密切正相关,ｒ＝０．９６７,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３８．６％＋０、３６ｘ％。前向活跃直线运动精子百分率与顶体酶活性之间也有密切相关．ｒ＝０．９６,（Ｐ＜０．０１）,顶体酶活性ｙ＝３４．２１％＋０．６１ｘ％。     

Lawns have vertical stratification

Abstract. Vertical stratification was examined in a closely-mown lawn, at both the beginning and end of the mowing/regrowth cycle. Two treatments were examined: Undisturbed, which had been maintained as lawn for 30 yr, and Mechanically Perturbed, on which succession was occurring, after complete removal of vegetation 9.5 months previously. There was significant vertical stratification at both stages of the mowing/regrowth cycle, i.e. even immediately after mowing to a height of 3 cm, and in both treatments. There was general consistency of the vertical role of species during the cycle and between treatments. Relative vertical positions were not closely correlated with absolute leaf heights. However, in no case was the vertical position of a pair of species significantly reversed during the cycle or between treatments. No mutually cyclic vertical relations between species were seen. It is concluded that vertical stratification occurs in even the shortest communities, it starts to develop quite early in succession, and it is dependent largely on the intrinsic properties of the species, their height and (at least in lawns) their recovery from defoliation.     

三个矮杆小麦的矮生性遗传研究

通过与事国春杂交,利用杂交后代Ｆ２和回交后代ＢＣ１Ｐ１及ＢＣ２Ｐ２,研究了三个小麦新矮杆品系和矮生性遗传特性。结果表明,０００４的矮生性受一对部分显性矮杆基因控制,５７４６和７５３９－各受两对部分显性矮杆基因控制。     

标志技术在研究小皱蝽成虫种群特征中的应用

应用标志－释放－回收技术研究小皱蝽成虫的主要种群特征,结果如下：（１）成虫扩散的偏离度Ｋｕ＝２．４,为一阶峻开曲线;（２）分别用Ｐｅｔｅｒｓｏｎ和Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ方法对种群蜜度进行了估计,结果表明,Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ的方法较好;（３）雄虫平均寿命４０－４５,虫平均寿命１２０－１３０。天。     

陕南地区油橄榄生长发育与生态条件关系的研究

根据定位观测和实地调查资料研究了油橄榄在陕南地区的生长发育和环境条件的关系,油橄榄树的枝条日高生长量为昼夜生长类型。夜间生长高于昼间的１２１％－１６０％;６、７、８、９月的生长量占全年生长量的７６％。油橄榄树的年生长量和产量状况与土壤含水量和土壤质地性质有密切关系;油橄榄树为阳性树种,在增加光照的环境条件下生长和结实良好,反之较差。