厦门地区鸭鹅绦虫生活史研究

本文报告了福建厦门地区寄生于鸭鹅类的膜壳科绦虫计5属9种。实验阐明了5种绦虫的生活史,其中有三种生活史为我国首次报告。厦门地区有5种嵌水甲壳类可作膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。其中短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)是矛形剑带绦虫和片形皱缘绦虫的审间宿主,不等异介虫(Heterocypris anomala)为新发现的棘盘双睾绦虫的中间宿主,介虫(Cyprinotus sp.)为新发现的美丽膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。     

关于尾尖奇蒿(菊科-春黄菊族)合格发表问题的一条简注（英文）

尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Bangladesh J.Plant Taxon.18:203.2011”,而非“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Phytotaxa 273:213.2016”。     

Optimisation and comparison of liquid and dry formulations of the biocontrol yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia anomala</Emphasis> J121

The biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 can effectively reduce mould growth on moist cereal grains during airtight storage. Practical use of microorganisms requires formulated products that meet a number of criteria. In this study we compared different formulations of P. anomala. The best way to formulate P. anomala was freeze-drying. The initial viability was as high as 80%, with trehalose previously added to the yeast. Freeze-dried products could be stored at temperatures as high as 30 °C for a year, with only a minor decrease in viability. Vacuum-drying also resulted in products with high storage potential, but the products were not as easily rehydrated as freeze-dried samples. Upon desiccating the cells using fluidised-bed drying or as liquid formulations, a storage temperature of 10 °C was required to maintain viability. Dependent on the type of formulation, harvesting of cells at different nutritional stresses affected the initial viabilities, e.g. the initial viability for fluidised-bed-dried cells was higher when the culture was fed with excess glucose, but for freeze-drying it was superior when cells were harvested after depletion of carbon. Using micro-silos we found that the biocontrol activity remained intact after drying, storage and rehydration for all formulations.     

Effect of osmotic stress on the derepression of invertase synthesis in nonconventional yeasts

AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of osmotic stress on the biosynthesis of invertase enzyme in nonconventional yeasts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Invertase activities of the nonconventional yeast species belonging to Kluyveromyces, Schwanniomyces and Pichia genus were measured either in the presence or in the absence of various amounts of NaCl. The effect of hyperosmotic stress on the glucose consumption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia anomala were also compared. Like S. cerevisiae, derepression of invertase synthesis in Kluyveromyces lactis, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Pichia jadinii is inhibited by hyperosmotic stress. However, derepression of invertase synthesis in P. anomala is not affected by hyperosmotic stress. In addition, low levels of osmotic stress activated invertase synthesis three- to fourfold in P. anomala and K. lactis. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that low levels of osmotic stress induces the invertase synthesis at very high levels in P. anomala and K. lactis. Glucose consumption was not influenced at significant levels by the hyperosmotic stress in P. anomala. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows the activation of invertase synthesis by low levels of osmotic stress in P. anomala and K. lactis.     

Properties of endogenous β-glucosidase of a Pichia anomala strain isolated from Sicilian musts and wines

The AL 112 strain, isolated from 361 yeast strains in Sicilian musts and wines, has been identified by biochemical and molecular methods as belonging to Pichia anomala, and your endogenous β-glucosidase (βG, EC 3.2.1.21) subsequently characterised. This strain not only has extremely high specific productivity of βG, but above all shows arabinosidase (Ara, EC 3.2.1.55) activity, essential for aroma enhancement of wine. βG from Al 112 is activated by ethanol at the concentrations typically found in wine; it is not inhibited by fructose, whilst glucose, a non-competitive inhibitor, despite lowering activity, actually protects the enzyme from factors that could damage it. It has an optimum temperature of 20 °C, compatible with typical cellar conditions, and stability in model must-wine and wine solutions ≥40 days.     

棕黑锦蛇赤峰亚种染色体组型、C带和Ag-NORs研究

以骨髓细胞为材料研究了棕黑锦蛇赤峰亚种的染色体, 结果表明,该物种的2n=36,由8对大型的和10对微小的染色体组成,AF=50。No.4为性染色体(ZW型);所有大型染色体均显示端粒深染C带,但仅NO.2、3、5和Z染色体显示着丝粒浅染C带。W染色体为整条C带阳性;该物种一对NOR分布于微小染色体。锦蛇属核型可能经历过染色体间的着丝粒融合的罗伯逊易位。 Abstract:This paper reports the karyotype,C-bands and Ag-NORs of Elaphe schrenckii anomala(Boulenger).The diploid number,2n=36,comprising 8 pairs of macro- and 10 pairs of microchromosomes in the E.s.anomala.AF=50.The No.4 is sex chromosome,which belong to ZW type.The C-banding technique revealed telomeric constitutive heterochromatin in the whole macrochromosome.But the centromeric C band was only observed in No.2,3,5 and Z chromosome,while a whole W chromosome is constitutive heterochromatinization.Two NORs was observed in group of microchromosome.     

青海固沙草属的两个新纪录种

首次报道了青海固沙草属2 新记录种--固沙草和鸡爪草, 并对两种植物地理分布上过去的不完善认识进行了分析, 编制了区分该属4 种植物的分类检索表, 同时引证了存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所两记录种的全部考证标本。     

棕黑锦蛇的研究概况及保护问题

本文对棕黑锦蛇（Elaphe schrenckii）进行分类学等研究,棕黑锦蛇被认为包含两个亚种：指名亚种（Elaphe s.schrenckii）和赤峰亚种（Elaphe s.anomala）,但也有学者将后者提升为种,即赤峰锦蛇（Elaphe anomala）.有关该种分类问题,仍需要进一步综合考虑形态学和分子系统学分类研究.作为我国东北和华北地区体形最大的蛇种,棕黑锦蛇具有重要的生态和经济价值,但目前对其生物学特性和生态学研究极为有限,人工驯养繁育技术不成熟,过度利用导致野外种群遭到严重破坏.建议加强棕黑锦蛇生态学和人工繁育技术的研究,为有效保护和可持续利用提供科学依据.     

Ultrastructural immunodetection of a Pichia anomala killer toxin: a preliminary study.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb KT4), produced against a Pichia anomala killer toxin, was used to study the secretion process of toxin producing cells. The indirect immunofluorescence assay, performed with large concentrations of mAb KT4, showed a homogeneous distribution of the epitope at the cell surface of the P anomala cells. When increasing dilutions of mAb KT4 were employed, a 'punctuated' labeling appeared on the yeast's cell wall which suggested a heterogeneous secretion of the killer toxin. Similar labeling was also observed by immunodetection on live yeast cells held in buffered suspension. These results confirmed that 'punctuated' labeling was not an artefact due to a distortion of the cell's shape by having been dried on glass slides. Indirect immunodetection was performed in electron microscopy on ultra-thin sections of cells embedded in Araldite resin. The labeling thus obtained showed both the presence of the epitope in the cytoplasm and its sensitivity to strong glutaraldehyde fixation. Indirect immunodetection, performed on ultra-thin frozen sections, showed a cytoplasmic and cell wall labelling. However, the amount of gold particles observed in the cell wall was too low to confirm the heterogeneous killer toxin secretion observed in immunofluorescence. In this case, killer cells were fixed with a low concentration of glutaraldehyde which preserved the structure of the epitope complementary with mAb KT4.     

赤峰锦蛇的生态观察

赤峰锦蛇的生态观察周玉峰（沈阳师范学院生物系,１１００３４）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｌａｐｈｅａｎｏｍａｌａ．￥ＺｈｏｕＹｕｆｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇＴｅａｃｈｅｒ＇ｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ１１...