Integrating multidirectional connectivity requirements in systematic conservation planning for freshwater systems

Aim Recent efforts to apply the principles of systematic conservation planning to freshwater ecosystems have focused on the special connected nature of these systems as a way to ensure adequacy (long‐term maintenance of biodiversity). Connectivity is important in maintaining biodiversity and key ecological processes in freshwater environments and is of special relevance for conservation planning in these systems. However, freshwater conservation planning has focused on longitudinal connectivity requirements within riverine ecosystems, while other habitats, such as floodplain wetlands or lakes and connections among them, have been overlooked. Here, we address this gap by incorporating a new component of connectivity in addition to the traditional longitudinal measure. Location Northern Australia. Methods We integrate lateral connections between freshwater areas (e.g. lakes and wetlands) that are not directly connected by the river network and the longitudinal upstream–downstream connections. We demonstrate how this can be used to incorporate ecological requirements of some water‐dependent taxa that can move across drainage divides, such as waterbirds. Results When applied together, the different connectivity rules allow the identification of priority areas that contain whole lakes or wetlands, their closest neighbours whenever possible, and the upstream/downstream reaches of rivers that flow into or from them. This would facilitate longitudinal and lateral movements of biota while minimizing the influence of disturbances potentially received from upstream or downstream reaches. Main conclusions This new approach to defining and applying different connectivity rules can help improve the adequacy of freshwater‐protected areas by enhancing movements of biodiversity within priority areas. The integration of multiple connectivity needs can also serve as a bridge to integrate freshwater and terrestrial conservation planning.     

腹膜透析76例透析效能相关因素分析

目的以尿素清除指数和肌酐清除率为指标,探讨影响透析效能相关因素。方法评估76例透析患者的蛋白分解率及残余肾功能,研究其与尿素清除指数及肌酐清除率之间的关系。结果腹透患者营养状态和残肾功能分别与透析充分性呈正相关。结论加强患者营养状态,保护残余肾功能可提高透析充分性,改善患者生活质量。