Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

中黑盲蝽若虫棉田调查技术研究

根据中黑盲蝽田间分布规律,初次提出以虫株百分率来估测百株虫量的简易调查法。经检验认为,估测百株虫量理论值与实查百株虫量之间差异不显著。用平行线式与随机式抽样方法比较估测法与实查法同总体平均数的差异程度,均表明前者差异相对最小。还明确估测法的相对允许误差水平在10％左右,同时确定了盲蝽不同虫口密度下的理论抽样数。     

烟草抗黑胫病突变体的细胞筛选

经实验我们成功地建立了在细胞水平上筛选烟草抗黑胫病突变体的筛选体系。该体系的主要内容为:γ-射线500—2000拉德诱变高度感病品种的花药后用50—80％的黑胫病菌粗毒素为选择压力,筛选出抗毒素花粉植株,用离体叶片法测定选出抗病植株,再从后代鉴定中选出抗病性能够稳定遗传的突变系。γ-射线及高浓度毒素处理均能得到抗病植株。选自感病品种的花粉植株中约有9—50％是真正抗病的。这些抗病植株中有一部分的抗病性能够稳定遗传。用该法已从感病优质品种小黄金1025及乔庄黑苗中选出6个突变系。并自N.C.628(抗)×小黄金1025(感)及N.C.628(抗)×庆胜2号(感)的F_1花粉植株中选出4个抗病系。所有的抗病系经3—4代后均表现出稳定抗性。其中一个突变体(R400)的抗性似由不完全显性多基因控制。     

让黑猩猩重返远古时代

我们通过对黑猩猩的研究发现,黑猩猩除了有狩猎活动,成员之间分享食物,以及对工具原材料进行简单加工等行为方面与人极为相似之外,黑猩猩的牙齿萌出率、大脑里某些区域的分布和肌肉活动类型等体征也都与人极其相近。黑猩猩的这些似人特征引起很多学者的关注,并通过大量的材料分析研究给予了最新的报道。     

墨氏胸刺水蚤在黄海的生态特点

墨氏胸刺水蚤主要分布在黄海北部36°N以北,4月份出现第一个高峰,是主要交配期,雄性多于雌性,雌体带精荚的数量最多。第二个高峰期是7月份,雌雄比例趋于平衡,冷水团和温度的变化是主要环境因素,垂直移动也受交配、繁殖习性所制约。     

黑腹菌属二新种(英文)

本文报道了中国产的黑腹菌属Melanogaster(黑腹菌科 Melanogastraceae,黑腹菌目 Melanogastrales,担子菌亚门Basidiomycotina)二新种:山西黑腹菌Melanogaster shanxicnsis Liu,K.Tao et Chang和倒卵孢黑腹菌M.obouatisporus Liu,K.Tao et Chang并对中国已报道过的黑腹菌属内的种进行了讨论。