Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

喷射自吸管式生化反应器研究

本文研究了喷射自吸管式生化反应器的吸气及所液传质特性,提出了吸气量(Qs)和容积氧传递系数(kLa)的数学表达式：Qg=5.2×10^-2W^0.144_cLR^0.079_cD(L-D)^0.328D²_nPoπ——P^o_gTo[(D-Dn)²-1](Pn-Pl)-1)(Kla)₁=0.999(W-V)^0.38V^0.90_sg(L-D)^-0.16(Kla)2=1.003(W-V)^0.71V^0.28_sg(L-D)^-0.32(加C圈)反应器的具优工况为：L/D=320-400,D/D=2.7—3。8,Pn=5—13×10⁴N/m²。Kla最高达4280h^-1,比能耗为0.72—2.16×10³kJ/kgO₂用于培养饲料酵母,酵母浓度达40.04kg/m³.最大生长速率为6.24kg/m³·h,比能耗为1.66—2.52×10³KJ/kg DBM.空气利用率为10—20%.是一般生化反应器的2—4倍。     

掷孢菌科的研究——Ⅲ.不同掷孢酵母属产掷孢子的能力及担子菌酵母形成特大厚垣孢子的规律

本文以分离自中国的大量掷孢酵母为材料,研究了不同属的掷孢酵母生掷孢子的能力,以及此能力的持久性,发现属间差异很大。此外还报道了142株不同酵母的产厚垣孢子的情况,发现与担子菌有关的4属酵母在接近致死温度时,都会出现特大厚垣孢子如红掷孢酵母(Sporobolomyces),布勒掷孢酵母(Bullera),红酵母(Rhodotorula)与隐球酵母(cryptococcus),而属于子囊菌的酵母属(Saccharomyces)则无此现象,从而对某些接近担子菌的酵母又增加了新的认识。     

掷孢菌科的研究III．不同掷孢酵母属产掷孢子的能力及担子菌酵母形成特大厚垣孢子的规律

本文以分离自中国的大量掷孢酵母为材料,研究了不同属的掷孢酵母生掷孢子的能力,以及此能力的持久性,发现属间差异很大。此外还报道了142株不同酵母的产厚垣孢子的情况,发现与担子菌有关的4属酵母在接近致死温度时,都会出现特大厚垣孢子如红掷静酵母Sporobolomyces),布勒掷孢酵母(Bullera),红酵母(Rhodotorula)与隐球酵母(Cryp-tococcus),而属于子囊菌的酵母属(Saccharomyces)则无此现象,从而对某些接近担子菌的酵母又增加了新的认识。     

201株不同类型酵母的初步分类及胞外脱氧核糖核酸酶和蛋白酶的比较研究*

本文初步研究了分离自中国南方数省各种基物上的20l株酵母,共发现4个新记录,另有个别疑难菌株拟作进一步研究。对9属174株担子菌酵母与子囊菌酵母进行胞外酶等的比较研究,发现其胞外脱氧核糖核酸酶(D№se)及蛋白酶的产生情况在不同亲缘的酵母间有一定的规律性。并对蛋白酶测试方法进行了改良,从而缩短试验周期并减少了污染机会。     

一个酵母新种——杭州毕赤酵母

本文报道了从腐梨上分离到的一株未见描述的毕赤酵母属新种(Pichia hangzhou-ana Lu et Li),并讨论了与其近似种的区别。同时进行了DNA G+C百分比值的测定。