严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2膜蛋白对宿主细胞pre-mRNA 3"UTR加工的影响

目的 研究严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）膜蛋白对宿主细胞mRNA前体（pre-mRNA）3"非翻译区（UTR）加工的影响。方法 本研究以人肺上皮细胞系A549为模型，利用瞬时转染在细胞内过表达SARS-CoV-2膜蛋白；利用RNA-Seq测序技术及生物信息学分析方法，系统性描绘宿主细胞选择性多聚腺苷酸化（alternative polyadenylation，APA）事件；Metascape数据库对发生显著APA变化的基因进行功能富集分析；RT-qPCR验证靶基因3"UTR长度变化；蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）检测目的蛋白表达水平。结果 SARS-CoV-2膜蛋白外源表达后宿主细胞内共813个基因发生显著APA变化。GO和KEGG分析显示，差异APA基因广泛参与有丝分裂细胞周期、调节细胞应激等生物过程，涉及病毒感染和蛋白质加工等。从中进一步筛选出AKT1基因，在IGV软件中显示3"UTR延长；RT-qPCR验证AKT1基因的3"UTR长度变化趋势；Western blot结果显示AKT1蛋白磷酸化水平增加。结论 SARS-CoV-2膜蛋白潜在影响宿主pre-mRNA的3"UTR加工，其中参与多种病毒性生物过程的AKT1基因 3"UTR延长，且其编码的蛋白质功能在细胞内被激活。     

A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

表皮生长因子受体基因突变检测方法改进及初步临床验证

目的:改进现有的检测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的荧光PCR法并开发出新的试剂盒,将其与直接测序法和ARMS法进行对比,验证该试剂盒用于临床诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性。方法:收集2013年6月至2015年8月手术确诊的141例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的石蜡包埋组织标本。采用盲法分别使用直接测序法、ARMS法和新试剂盒检测EGFR突变,比较新试剂盒与其他两种检测方法的差异,结果不一致时采用三种方法分别重复检验一次。结果:三种方法检测成功率均为100%,新试剂盒与直接测序法测得结果完全一致的比率达75.9%(107/141),在直接测序法测得的96例突变阳性中,92例在新试剂盒检测中得到验证(95.8%)。而直接测序法显示突变阴性的45例中,新试剂盒检测发现了23例突变阳性,两种检测方法的结果存在统计学差异(x2=40.745,P0.05)。与直接测序法进行比较,新试剂盒检测EGFR突变的敏感性、特异性分别为95.8%、48.9%,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为80.0%、84.6%,检测准确度为80.9%。以ARMS检测法为金标准,新试剂盒测得结果完全一致的比率达84.4%(119/141),两者的一致性比较好(K=0.749,P0.05),敏感性、特异性分别为94.1%、86.4%。结论:改进后EGFR基因突变检测的试剂盒在技术上较好地控制了检测结果的假阳性和假阴性,该检测方法较直接测序法具有更好的敏感性和准确性,与现有的ARMS法一致性较高。     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.     

硒对金黄滴虫生长谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及超微结构的影响

金黄滴虫在含硒1ppm的培养液中的生长情况和超微结构与对照组的细胞基本相同。在含硒6ppm的培养液中,前48小时细胞生长正常,以后容器中出现类似硫化氢的气味,细胞数量急剧下降,细胞变圆,运动缓慢,叶绿体变小并且绿色减退,金藻糖泡增大,在干涉显微镜下可见核仁中央下陷,成一小凹。在电镜下,核仁的中央区电子密度很低,这一区域可能相当于干涉镜下所见的小凹。在另一切面上可以看出这一区域是有开口与核基质相通的。电镜照片还揭示叶绿体结构松散,类囊体减少,在稀薄的基质中出现一些直径约为0.4—0.5μ的核仁样小体。部分细胞的线粒体形态异常,内质网及管状纤维增多。此外,作者测定了细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性的变化,并对硒的作用、核仁和叶绿体的变化以及核仁样小体的性质进行了讨论。     

云南若干地区土壤放线菌区系及资源考察III．西双版纳地区土壤放线菌区系及资源考察

从云南省西双版纳地区的勐腊和勐仑两个自然保护区(以下简称“样区”)及附近的次生林、荒地、旱地、水田采集100份土样,进行放线菌分离和鉴定。并对这两个样区土壤放线菌的区系分布作了比较。勐腊样区的放线菌数量较少而区系组成略为复杂,分离到12个属。仑样区分离到11个属。两个样区均分离到大量糖多孢菌。     

细胞外基质对神经纤维生长的作用

近几年研究细胞外基质促进神经纤维生长的作用有惊人的发展。施旺细胞、未分化的神经胶质细胞,以及胚胎非神经细胞和神经细胞所形成细胞外基质中,层粘连蛋白分子(或它的亚单位、或它与其他分子结合的复合物等不溶性物质)与生长锥相互作用的结果对刺激和诱导神经纤维的生长起重要的作用。其他分子或可溶性物质对纤维生长也有一定的作用。以基膜形式存在的细胞外基质是促神经纤维生长最好的基底,并为脑损伤修复提供了应用前景。     

多效唑（PP333）对苦荞植株生长的影响（简报）

在土壤肥力水平高的条件下,在苦荞分枝始期喷施多效唑能不同程度地提高光合强度,降低叶片氨基氮和茎尖可溶性糖含量,降低株高,增加每穗的花朵数和饱粒数,提高产量。     

洈水水库鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)生长规律的研究

本文对洈水水库鳡鱼的生长及其利用进行了分析研究,结果表明:1.该种鱼生长快,高速生长时间长,可连续5年每年生长6kg以上;2.雌、雄鱼体长与体重生长分别适合Von.Bertalanffy的生长公式:L=L_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))和W=W_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))~3;3.雌鱼体重生长速度快于雄鱼,体长生长无明显差别;4.建议大中型水体中的鳡鱼与其它鱼类群落体重之比控制在3—5％为宜。