达菲药物对H1N1病毒作用研究

甲型H1N1病毒在全世界范围内爆发,引起人们广泛关注,而目前疫苗和新的药物正处于研发阶段,与此同时该病毒神经氨酸酶蛋白序列不断被报道。达菲作为治疗H1N1病毒的药物被患者广泛使用。通过同源性建模的方法比较神经氨酸酶的变异情况,从而预测达菲药物对变异前后的作用效果评价。通过AUTODOCK计算结合能,发现达菲药物与神经氨酸酶的结合能维持在2.4～4.2 kJ/mol范围内,动力学常数最高值达到18.2 mM。证明达菲药物对抑制病毒进入寄主细胞有明显效果。     

Side effects of Tamiflu： clues from an Asian single nucleotide polymorphism

Tamiflu （Oseltamivir phosphate） seems to be a double-edged sword to some in Asia. While it is counted on against influenza and a feared avian influenza pandemic [1], the drug is also associated with side effects, ranging from neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, to hyperthermia and skin problems. According to a document from US Food and Drug Administration in 2005 [2], 1184 cases of side effects have been reported. Interestingly 69 out of the 75 pediatric cases were from Japan, including two teen suicides. The situation seemed to have made a gloomier turn recently. It was reported in February, 2007 that two Japanese teenagers jumped from apartment buildings after taking Tamiflu and died, bringing the total number of deaths after taking Tamiflu in Japan to 54 [3,4]. Although no direct causal relationship had been es- tablished yet, the Japan Health Ministry warned doctors about giving the drug to teenagers. In comparison, relatively few cases of severe side effects were reported from America and European countries [5]. What is wrong with this picture？ It has concerned and bewildered many. The pages in this issue [6] offer one fascinating hypothesis that tries to explain the mystery using an integrated approach combining structural bioinformatic analysis and enzyme assays.     

一株达菲耐药的甲型H1N1流感病毒全基因特征分析

目的分析1株甲型H1N1流感达菲耐药病毒株的全基因特征,为指导流感临床治疗与防控提供依据。方法采用鸡胚进行病毒分离,提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增其全基因组8个基因片段,测定核苷酸序列,利用生物信息软件拼接全基因组序列,绘制基因进化树并分析重要基因位点变异情况。结果 A/Fuzhou/SWL11609/2013(H1N1)流感毒株的8个节段基因均处于2013-2014年度进化簇中,且与A/California/07/2009(H1N1)疫苗株高度同源,8个基因同源性均在97.4%以上;其HA和NA基因与A/Hubei-Wuchang/SWL1322/2013(H1N1)达菲耐药株同源性最高,分别为100.0%和99.6%;初步判断该毒株未发生重配现象,其重要致病性基因位点未发生变异;NA基因中具有H275Y典型达菲耐药位点特征,缺失一个糖基化位点(N386K),降低了基因结构的稳定性,同时在V241I和N369K的作用下降低了病毒的适应性。结论本次研究的甲型H1N1流感达菲耐药病毒株表现为低致病性流感病毒特征,但具备较好的人传人能力,需进一步加强监测,谨防耐药株的广泛流行。     

流感病毒-金黄色葡萄球菌共感染小鼠模型建立及达菲的干预作用研究

目的 模拟临床常见的流感病毒+金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)共感染建立小鼠模型，评价达菲干预后的药效及对淋巴细胞和炎症因子调控作用。方法 (1)通过筛选不同滴度的PR8流感病毒、金葡菌，建立共感染小鼠模型。(2)选用雄性BALB/c小鼠，随机分为6组。第0天滴鼻流感病毒(0.25 TCID₅₀,每只20μL),第3天滴鼻感染2.5×10⁷ CFU金葡菌20μL。感染病毒24 h后灌胃给药达菲，连续7 d。末次给药24 h后处死，计算脏器指数，RT-qPCR检测流感病毒M基因相对表达量，流式细胞术检测CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺T淋巴细胞含量及IL-6等13种炎症因子的分泌水平，以气泡图的形式显示每组促炎平均值和促炎细胞因子之和。结果 (1)0.25 TCID₅₀的流感病毒感染后体重下降相对平缓，小鼠没有出现死亡；(2)2.5×10⁷ CFU的金葡菌共感染后半数致死，体重下降相对平缓，作为后续共感染组的剂量；(3)共感染组小鼠体重下降较大，胸...