Internalized and Newly Synthesized Arabidopsis PIN- FORMED2 Pass through Brefeldin A Compartments： A New Insight into Intracellular Dynamics of the Protein by Using the Photoconvertible Fluorescence Protein Dendra2 as a Tag

Dear Editor, Plasma membrane （PM）-Iocalized PIN-FORMED （PIN） auxin efflux carriers were shown to cycle rapidly and con- tinuously between PM and the endomembrane system and this cycling is affected by many exogenous factors and endogenous programs （Grunewald and Friml, 2010）. The fungal lactone metabolite Brefeldin A （BFA） is believed to interrupt the continuous cycling of PINs and other PM proteins by inhibiting their re-secretion （Kleine-Vehn and Friml, 2008）.     

达勒姆今昔

从伦敦过来的火车一路穿越了英格兰夏日葱茏的绿野，沿途最频繁的景致就是红砖的利舍和翠叶的森林，还有牧场上的羊群和麦田里浆草垛。车厢里非常拥挤，跟这个岛国的状态很吻合。火车在离开伦敦三个小时以后到达了位于英国东海岸中部、纽卡斯尔南面的小城达勒姆。匡际动物考古学大会就在这里的达勒姆大学举行，由考古系主办。