寄生蜂对稻飞虱控害作用研究进展

稻飞虱(褐飞虱、白背飞虱和灰飞虱)近年来在亚洲地区连续大爆发，由次要害虫上升为主要害虫，给农业生产造成了重大的经济损失，严重威胁到世界粮食生产安全，寄生蜂作为稻飞虱的重要天敌，对其发生起着有效的自然控制作用。本文归纳整理了稻飞虱主要的寄生蜂种类及其优势种群的生物学、生态学特性，并重点总结了寄生蜂优势种群的寄生选择、种群消长影响因素以及它们的保护利用等，并对寄生蜂研究、保护、利用中存在的问题进行概括总结，旨在为稻飞虱的有效防控提供一定的参考价值。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

红豆草组织培养物的超低温保存及其超微结构的观察

红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)组织培养物在5%DMSO+10%甘油+8%蔗糖的冰冻保护剂及以1℃/分钟的速度降温到-35—-40℃,停留2小时后,投入液氮,40℃水浴快速化冻等条件下,存活率达60—70%,并保持了高的分化能力。电子显微镜的观察结果表明,快速冰冻和1℃/分钟慢速冰冻至-35℃—40℃不停留,对细胞结构造成严重的致死性破坏;-35℃停留30分钟对细胞结构的损伤是可逆性的;停留2小时的其超微结构基本上与对照材料无明显差别。     

茶园生态环境对红茶芳香化学物质及品质影响

国内外研究均表明,芳香化学物质是构成红茶品质的主要化学物质。茶叶中芳香化学物质的形成,与茶树品种、加工工艺密切相关。至于茶园生态环境和气象因子对红茶     

从棒头草(Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud)幼穗培养获得体细胞胚和再生植株

棒头草幼穗在含2,4-D的MS培养基上诱导出了胚性、非胚性和中间型愈伤组织。根据形态、淀粉粒等指标可将组成这些愈伤组织的细胞分为三类。改变培养基中2,4-D的浓度,能诱导三类愈伤组织相互转变。从胚性愈伤组织中诱导形成了大量体细胞胚;体细胞胚是从单个原胚细胞直接发育而来,它们能正常萌发、再生小植株。这种再生能力现已保持了34个月。小植株移植在土壤中可以正常生长、分蘖、开花和结实。     

九种水鳖科植物染色体数目及其核型分析

本文报道了我国产水鳖科植物5属9种染色体数目和核型,发现所有种都是二倍体,它 们的核型大部分是由中部着丝点(m)和近中部着丝点(sm)组成,少数种具有近端着丝点 (st)。它可以区分为4种核型：1A,2A和1B,2B。水筛属是原始的,黑藻属是进化的。     

黄山和九华山产草芍药的核型

本文报道了安徽黄山和九华山产草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim．的校型,两个居群植物的核型均为k(2n)=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st, 未见随体。它们的最长和最短染色体的比值均为1．47;臂比大于2的染色体的百分比均为0.2,属Stebbins的2A核型。这说明草芍药种内不同居群植物的染色体数目和核型都是极其稳定的,而且和芍药属Paeonia内已报道的其它种的染色体数目一致。     

大花补血草优株无性系的建立

1植物名称大花补血草（Limoniumsinuatum）。2材料类别花茎。3培养条件（1）诱导芽萌发及增殖培养基：MS＋6－BA0．6mg／L（单位下同）＋3％蔗糖。（2）生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0·5＋1．5％蔗糖。以上培养基均加0．8％琼脂,PH5．8。培养温度25士2『C,光照度为2000IX,每天光照12h。4生长与分化情况4．1脑芽的增殖培养取大花补血草基部抽出的长5～10cm花茎,去除具有花芽的顶部,用带有l～2个、最多3个腋芽的中部茎作为外植体,在清水中用脱胎棉洗净,70％酒精浸lmin,10％安替福民溶液浸13～15min表面灭菌后,用无菌水冲洗4次,切…