休眠与萌发过程中苹果种子的呼吸代谢

“秦冠”苹果种子的总呼吸强度和EMP途径的呼吸强度在2℃条件下层积之后逐渐增加,解除休眠临界期大体在层积后第30天发生,此后增长速度较快。HMP途径和TCAC在临界期之前变化极慢,而后急剧增加。种子萌发后子叶和胚轴的总呼吸强度、EMP和TCAC初期呈急剧上升趋势,大约当胚轴长度达2cm时迅速下降,HMP在萌发过程中始终呈上升趋势。细胞透性层积之后逐渐降低,解除休眠至萌发阶段呈上升趋势。用不同浓度呼吸抑制剂处理解除休眠种子的试验结果表明,除1mM碘乙酸能明显刺激萌发和生长外,NaCN、SHAM和丙酮酸都表现为抑制作用。     

Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes：Endopolygalacturonase,ACC oxidase and ACC synthase from apple（Malus x domestica） in an apple rootstock A106（Malus sieboldii

The apple rootstock,A106(Malus sieboldii),had 17 bivalents in pollen mother cells at meiotic metaphase 1,and 17 chromosomes in a haploid pollen cell.Karyotypes were prepared from root-tip cells with 2n=34 chromosomes,Seven out of 82 karyotypes(8.5%) showed one pari of satellites at the end of the short arm of chromosome 3.C-bands were shown on 6 pairs of chromosomes 2,4,6,8,14,and 16 near the telomeric regions of short arms.Probes for three ripening-related genes from Malus x domestica:endopolygalacturonase(EPG,0.6kb),ACC oxidase(1.2kb),and ACC synthase(2kb)were hybridized in situ to metaphase chromosomes of A106.Hybridization sites for the EPG gene were observed on the long arm of chromosome 14 in 15 out of 16 replicate spreads and proximal to the centromere of chromosomes 6 and 11.For the ACC oxidase gene,hylridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosomes 5 and 11 in 87% and 81% of 16 spreads respectively,proxiaml to the centromere of chromosome 1 in 81% of the spreads,and on the long arm of chromosome 13 in 50% of the spreads. Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes in an apple rootstock A106.Twenty five spreads were studied for the ACC synthase gene and hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 12 in 96% of the spreads.chromosomes 9 and 10 in 76% of the spreads,and chromosome 17 in 56% of the spreads.     

Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sequences in an apple rootstock using a digoxygenin detection system

A 6kb rDNA probe comprising the 18S coding plus spacer sequences has been hybridized to the metaphase chromosomes of apple rootstock cultivar MM106 demonstrating the localization of ribosomal gene arrays in the vicinity of the telomeric regions of the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 14.The in situ results using digoxygenin labelling coupled to an alkaline phosphatase immunoassay were confirmed by silver staining for NORs and nucleoli.This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular cytogenetic analysis of very small chromosomes(1.0-2.7μm） of apple.     

自然贮存苹果的生化分析及形态解剖学研究

本文对自然贮存六个月的秦冠、红富士及新红星苹果果实在生化成分及显微、超微结构上进行了对比研究,发现红富士果实中果胶质、总糖及粗蛋白含量均高于其它品种;三种果实表面均有不同形态的蜡质分布;果皮角化层以红富士较厚,新红星次之;不同品种果肉细胞的形态有明显差异。本文对此结果进行了初步的探讨,以期为苹果贮存研究积累资料。     

用藻类评价铬渣污染水体的恢复程度

受铬渣渗水污染17年的3个鱼塘,至今藻类群落结构已多样化发展,除了绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为优势类群,占所有藻类属数61.1%外,还有硅藻门(Bacillarlophyta)占16.7%,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)占11%,隐藻门(Crytophyta)和裸藻(Euglenophyta)各占5.6%。3个鱼塘藻类群落中的 Shannon—Weaver 多样性指数,与水体铬污染大致成负相关关系.S—W 多性指效,虽然冬、夏有差异,但冬天2号塘可升至3左右鉴于铬渣渗水污染的3个鱼塘,经过17年以后铬元素浓度已显著降低,量分别为0.0044mg/L,0.0056mg/L 和0.0069mg/L,已降至允许的范围,因此,作者认为该地区铬渣严重污染的水体有明显(?),已恢复至轻度污染的程度.     

苹果＊杏,桃亚科间杂交的探索

植物亲缘远近虽与杂交亲合性有关,但不是绝对的。例如蔷薇科和禾本科,不仅种间能自由组合,而且属间杂种也不少见,更有甚者,莎草科还有亚科与亚科之间自由杂交的杂种。梨亚科各属间形成属间杂种的有:山楂花楸、梨山楂、梨榅桲及花楸梨等。1978年以来,我们探索苹果×杏、桃,在蔷薇科亚科间进行杂交。开始便多配组合,多杂交花朵,从中筛选亲合力强的苹果品种作母本,用常规杂交法去雄