Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

臭Qu种群相对数量季节变化的初步分析

１９８５年４月１９９２年１２月,作者采用夹日法对萧山围垦农区臭Ｑｕ种群动态进行了连续逐月定点定时的研究。结果表明：臭Ｑｕ种群相对数量的季节消长呈后峰型双峰曲线,５月和１０月各出现一次高,怀孕率在２月和７月各出现一次高峰,平均胎仔数在５－６月和８－９月相对较多。室外群种相对数量高峰在４月和９－１０月;室内种群在５月和１０月,前峰不及室外种群明显。室内种群雌体怀孕率明显于室外种群。种群相对数量的季节变     

臭牡丹原植物的种类及资源分布

本文对臭牡丹(Clerodendrum bungei)原植物的种类,形态特征、生长环境及资源分布的概况作了扼要介绍,附花形态特征鉴别图和分种检索表,并对开展臭牡丹原植物的研究工作提出了建议。     

珠海城区臭鼩肥满度的性二态及其与气象因子的关系

肥满度被广泛用于动物生长状况与环境、生存、繁殖等方面的研究。对2017年6月—2019年3月在广东省珠海市城区采集的328只臭鼩Suncus murinus肥满度进行分析,以期发现亚热带城市环境中臭鼩肥满度与性别、季节及气象因子的关系及其变化规律。结果显示:1)雄性肥满度(3.32)显著高于雌性;春季怀孕雌性(2.62)比未怀孕雌性(2.31)具有更高的肥满度。2)雄性和怀孕雌性肥满度在季节间的差异有统计学意义,雄性在春季和夏季的肥满度较高,分别为3.48和3.41,而怀孕雌性的肥满度仅在春季较高,未怀孕雌性的肥满度无明显的季节变化。3)雄性肥满度与气象因子无显著相关性,未怀孕雌性肥满度与季月平均降水量呈显著正相关,怀孕雌性肥满度与季月平均温度呈显著负相关。个体大的雄性在对食物等资源的竞争中更具优势,因此具有更高的肥满度。臭鼩肥满度的变化与种群密度及食物资源可利用性有关。不同性别、不同生理状况(怀孕/未怀孕)的个体在不同季节获得资源的能力不同,其肥满度表现出明显的性二态及季节性波动。     

遮光对臭牡丹生长和光合特性的影响

对全光照(遮光率0％,对照)以及遮光率25％ 、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹(Clerodendrum bungei Steud.)生长和光合特性的变化进行了研究.结果表明:随遮光率的提高臭牡丹枝长生长量和比叶面积逐渐增加、枝条直径生长量和比叶质量逐渐减小,叶面积呈波动变化,其中在遮光率25％条件下叶面积最小.在遮光条件下叶片以及栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度差异不显著,但均显著小于对照.在遮光条件下叶片叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b值总体上随遮光率提高逐渐增加且均高于对照,仅在遮光率25％条件下叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量低于对照.在遮光率25％和75％条件下叶片净光合速率(Pn)有明显“午休”现象,Pn日变化曲线近似于“双峰型”;而在对照和遮光率50％条件下Pn无“午休”现象,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”;4个处理组Pn峰值的大小以及峰值出现时间有差异.在上午9:00,在遮光率25％和50％条件下叶片气孔导度(Gs)略有降低,而在对照和遮光率75％条件下Gs明显升高;此后随时间的延长各处理的Gs总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势.各处理组叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的日变化曲线基本一致,均呈早晚略高、中午略低的趋势,谷值均出现在13:00.在对照及遮光率25％和75％条件下,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”;而在遮光率50％的条件下Tr呈逐渐降低的趋势,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”.总体上看,4个处理组叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr日平均值均无显著差异;且在遮光率25％、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹叶片的Pn与Tr间有显著或极显著相关性.综合分析结果表明:臭牡丹是偏阴生植物,在栽培中适度遮光有利于臭牡丹的生长发育.