Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

兰萼丙素的结构

从北京地区产兰萼香茶菜[Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.)Hara var.glaucocalyx(Maxim.)Hara]叶中分得三个对映-贝壳杉烯二萜化合物,其中二个为已知物兰萼甲素(2)和乙素(3),另一个为新化合物,命名为兰萼丙素,经光谱和化学方法证明,其结构为对映-7β,14α,15α-三羟基-16-贝壳杉烯-3-酮(1)。     

用改良的杆状病毒载体在家蚕中进行人α-干扰素基因的高水平表达

基因工程的目的之一是增加在细胞中所需的基因产物的表达量。首先用大量生产的宿主有大肠杆菌和一些其他的细菌。但是当细菌作为宿主时存在着几个问题,例如多肽糖基化缺陷、寄主蛋白酶造成的产物降解及缺乏分泌等。采用哺乳类动物细胞可排除上述问题,但要大量生产,仍然存在着许多与培养系统的复杂性及效率有关的问题。     

芸香科九里香属及美栌木属的化学分类

通过化学分析证明,美栌木与九里香属内的九里香组植物较为接近,两者均含月橘烯碱 及8-戊烯化香豆精,而棕茎组植物则与黄皮属植物亲缘关系较近。 据此肯定了Tanaka的观 点,认为棕茎组比九里香组原始。黄皮族内的亲缘关系亦可作如下推断： 小芸木属→山小桔属→黄皮属→九里香属棕茎组→九里香属九里香组→美栌木属。     

红曲霉AS 3.3491葡萄糖淀粉酶形成的研究

对红曲霉AS3．3491供给易利用碳源,葡萄糖淀粉酶的形成受咀遏,cAMP可使之解阻遏。易利用碳源的迅速利用使培养液pH显著下降,实验发现各种提高培养液pH值的方法都能促进葡萄糖淀粉酶的形成。同时发现该菌株的五种类型的葡萄糖淀粉酶是随培养液pH的逐渐回升陆续形成的,且各型酶的出现都与培养液的一定pH值相关联。文中讨论了该菌株中葡萄糖淀粉酶形成的调控机制。