猴头菇对小鼠抗疲劳作用的实验研究

分别以猴头菇干粉（猴头菇Ⅰ组）和猴头菇浸出液（猴头菇Ⅱ组）饲喂小鼠,观察猴头菇对小鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活力、血乳酸、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肝糖原、肌糖原含量及运动耐力的影响。结果表明：实验６０ｄ后,猴头菇Ⅰ、Ⅱ组ＬＤＨ活力、肝糖原及肌糖原含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸的水平和ＢＵＮ的增量明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸消除速率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在运动耐力测定时在水中淹死的时间比对照组长得多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：猴头菇具有明显的增强运动能力和解除疲劳的作用。     

运动性骨骼肌疲劳亚细胞机制的探讨

本实验采用持续性下坡跑运动,观察大鼠骨骼肌运动后不同时相线粒体形态、代谢、机能等指标的变化,结果表明：大鼠运动后即刻线粒体钙含量、细胞膜丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）值明显增加,ＡＴＰ含量和细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性下降;运动后２４ｈ线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值增加最明显,ＡＴＰ含量仍未恢复,细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性基本恢复,线粒体体密度、平均体积比运动前明显增加,比表面缩小;运动后４８ｈＡＴＰ含量完全恢复,线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值开始恢复。本研究结果提示,急性运动引起的细胞膜脂质过氧化加强、线粒体形态、代谢机能异常抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化过程、减少ＡＴＰ生成可能是运动性骨骼肌疲劳的亚细胞机制之一。耐力训练可以通过改善线粒体形态、代谢、机能提高机体的运动能力。     

小鼠疲劳记录仪的研制

小鼠疲劳记录仪的研制魏明成,何青,杨一挥成都中医药大学６１００７５四川省寄生虫病防治研究所我校药学科研人员研究了一种抗疲劳的新药。为了证实药效,急需一种“小鼠疲劳记录仪”。在科仪市场反复调查,没有适用的专用仪器。一般的实验动物生理仪在小鼠受检测时活动...     

通过和玉米杂交诱导硬粒小麦单倍体

硬粒小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ｄｕｒｕｍ Ｄｅｓｆ．）ＤＲ１４７授以超甜玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍ ａｙｓ Ｌ．） ｓｓ ７７００的花粉后,在８３．４％ 的柱头上观察到花粉萌发及花粉管长入胚囊,有９．９％ 的子房发生了卵细胞的单受精,１．９％ 的子房发生了中央细胞的单受精,３２．７％ 的子房发生了双受精。尽管双受精后可同时形成胚和胚乳,但胚乳往往发育迟缓,甚至败育。硬粒小麦×玉米形成的杂合子核型高度不稳定,在最初的几次细胞分裂中,来自父本玉米的染色体逐步被排除,最后形成硬粒小麦单倍体胚。在授以玉米花粉４ ｈ 后用１００ ｐｐｍ ２,４－Ｄ溶液浸蘸硬粒小麦穗部,可以有效地促进幼胚在缺乏胚乳或胚乳败育情况下的生长和发育。授粉９—１３ ｄ 后由５３３个硬粒小麦子房解剖出２５个胚,得胚率为４．７％ 。通过幼胚拯救获得１１棵正常植株,植株获得率为２．１％ 。根尖细胞染色体计数表明,它们为单倍体（２ｎ＝ ２ｘ＝ １４）。     

游泳训练与大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜电位及Na6＋,K^＋—ATP酶活性之…

大鼠腓肠肌在１０ＨＺ电刺激持续收缩运动中,肌细胞膜电位表现为静息电位（ＲＰ）和复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）幅值呈下降的趋势,且ＣＡＰ的时程展宽。经过９周的游泳训练后,训练组动物整体的运动耐力明显提高;在相同的持续收缩运动时间内,训练组的ＲＰ和ＣＡＰ的下降幅度明显小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;并发现训练组Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示,体力训练使肌细胞膜的３功能产生了适应性     

铜或镉胁迫对海洋青鳉生理生化指标及产卵量的影响

通过研究海水中不同浓度重金属胁迫对海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)生理生化的影响, 探讨与分析各指标间的相互关系, 为海洋重金属污染的生物监测提供参考。按海水水质标准分别设定铜(Cu)和镉(Cd)离子各3个浓度梯度, 测定海洋青鳉中乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、睾酮(T)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH))及产卵量的动态变化。海洋青鳉中的LA含量随铜胁迫时间的延长而显著降低, 随镉胁迫浓度的增加而升高; LDH活性在铜胁迫下变化不大, 而随镉胁迫时间的延长略有上升; T含量在短期铜胁迫下有所升高, 但随胁迫时间的延长呈显著下降趋势, 却随镉胁迫浓度升高及胁迫时间延长而上升; FSH与LH含量随铜胁迫浓度增加呈显著下降, 随镉胁迫浓度增加呈先降后升趋势, 两者的含量变化与T的动态密切相关。与此同时, 随铜胁迫时间的延长和胁迫浓度的增加, 青鳉的产卵量也呈显著下降趋势。综合表明, 铜或镉胁迫均能显著影响雌性青鳉的LA含量, 增加能量消耗, 进而影响性激素水平, 最终影响到产卵量, 但两类离子的影响存在较大的差异性。因此, 一定浓度的铜或镉胁迫会导致海洋青鳉鱼体内生理生化的变化, 且存在两性差异性, 雌鱼对铜或镉胁迫的响应敏感强, 可选择雌鱼开展相关污染监测。     

牛磺酸缓解疲劳及提高免疫力研究进展

综述了牛磺酸的生物合成、代谢、缓解疲劳及提高免疫力的作用机制等方面的研究进展,为缓解疲劳及提高免疫力的产品的开发提供科学依据。     

Tetanic contraction induces enhancement of fatigability and sarcomeric damage in atrophic skeletal muscle and its underlying molecular mechanisms

Muscle unloading due to long-term exposure of weightlessness or simulated weightlessness causes atrophy, loss of functional capacity, impaired locomotor coordination, and decreased resistance to fatigue in the antigravity muscles of the lower limbs. Besides reducing astronauts＇ mobility in space and on returning to a gravity environment, the molecular mechanisms for the adaptation of skeletal muscle to unloading also play an important medical role in conditions such as disuse and paralysis. The tail-suspended rat model was used to simulate the effects of weightlessness on skeletal muscles and to induce muscle unloading in the rat hindlimb. Our series studies have shown that the maximum of twitch tension and the twitch duration decreased significantly in the atrophic soleus muscles, the maximal tension of high-frequency tetanic contraction was significantly reduced in 2-week unloaded soleus muscles, however, the fatigability of high- frequency tetanic contraction increased after one week of unloading. The maximal isometric tension of intermittent tetanic contraction at optimal stimulating frequency did not alter in 1- and 2-week unloaded soleus, but significantly decreased in 4-week unloaded soleus. The 1-week unloaded soleus, but not extensor digitorum Iongus （EDL）, was more susceptible to fatigue during intermittent tetanic contraction than the synchronous controls. The changes in K＋ channel characteristics may increase the fatigability during high-frequency tetanic contraction in atrophic soleus muscles. High fatigability of intermittent tetanic contraction may be involved in enhanced activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2＋-ATPase （SERCA） and switching from slow to fast isoform of myosin heavy chain, tropomyosin, troponin I and T subunit in atrophic soleus muscles. Unloaded soleus muscle also showed a decreased protein level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）, and the reduction in nNOS-derived NO increased frequency of calcium sparks and elevated intracellular resting Ca2＋ concentration （[Ca2＋]i） in unloaded soleus muscles. High [Ca2＋]i activated calpain-1 which induced a higher degradation of desmin. Desmin degradation may loose connections between adjacent myofibrils and further misaligned Z-disc during repeated tetanic contractions. Passive stretch in unloaded muscle could preserve the stability of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2＋ release channels by means of keeping nNOS activity, and decrease the enhanced protein level and activity of calpain to control levels in unloaded soleus muscles. Therefore, passive stretch restored normal appearance of Z-disc and resisted in part atrophy of unloaded soleus muscles. The above results indicate that enhanced fatigability of high-frequency tetanic contraction is associated to the alteration in K＋ channel characteristics, and elevated SERCA activity and slow to fast transition of myosin heavy chain （MHC） isoforms increases fatigability of intermittent tetanic contraction in atrophic soleus muscle. The sarcomeric damage induced by tetanic contraction can be retarded by stretch in atrophic soleus muscles.