Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

人参根系发育形态学的研究

人参(Panax qinseng C. A. Meyer)属于直根系植物,有次生构造。一年生苗只具有主根和侧根。二年以上的人参常在根状茎上长出不定根,即人参根系包括主根和不定根及其各级分枝。主根初生木质部为三原型,侧根和不定根及其分枝多为二原型,偶见三原型。根系随参龄的增加而增大。每年末级分枝自基部于休眠前萎缩、脱落,并在萎缩部分的上一级支根内部产生越冬根原基,越冬根原基是翌年形成全部吸收根的基础。一年生人参由中柱鞘产生一圈初生树脂道,由形成层产生一圈(或二圈)次生树脂道,以后次生树脂道的圈数随参龄的增加而每年增加一圈,自第五年开始渐缓。根内淀粉粒含量随发育时期的变化而相应变化,其积累高峰出现在果后期。研究人参根系发育形态学不仅对全面正确认识人参根系具有理论意义,而且对改进人参栽培管理和评价人参质量具有指导意义。     

棉株根系伤流中的细胞分裂素类物质

棉株根系伤流有明显昼夜节奏,白天多,夜晚较少。白天中又以上午9～12时的伤流量为最高。伤流中CTK量及其浓度也以白天为高。在切除地上部4天以后,从蕾期和铃期棉株已不再能收集到伤流液,但盛花期棉株在切除地上部6天以后,仍产生了相当多的伤流,其中仍含有丰富的CTK类物质。盛花期棉株根系伤流量及其中CTK水平高于铃期棉株,提示铃期棉株根系活力已开始趋向衰老。根据Sephadex LH-20柱层析及高效液相层析鉴定出棉株根系伤流中的CTK类物质有Z,ZR,和IPA。     

湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究

湿地松(Pinus elliottii)是阳性乔木,茶树(Camellia sinensis)是阴性灌木。这两种树种间作,形成针阔、乔灌两层树冠结构的茶园复合生态系统,可以改善茶树生态条件,提高茶叶的产量和品质。但间作存在胁地现象。一般认为这是上层树木的过度遮荫和根系间的竞争造成的。为了解这两种树种根系的分布状况和相互关系,并为间作茶园的合理配置和加强这种茶园的耕作管理提供依据,我们进行了湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究。     

沙地草场植物根系化学元素含量的特征

 本文报道了内蒙古沙地草场不同植物根系的化学元素含量特征。结果表明：51种植物根系的N、P、K、Si、Na、Fe和灰分的平均含量分别为1.08%、0.104%、0.686%、0.811%、0.049%、0.030%和6.416%。其中相同植物根系的N、P、K、Na和灰分的含量低于其地上部分的平均含量,而Si和Fe相反,根系的平均含量高于其地上部分。     

小麦幼苗根系镉螯合素

从经Cd~(2+)处理的小麦幼苗根系中分离得到一种镉结合复合物(Cd-BC)。通过SephadexG75,DEAE-52柱层析纯化,鉴定了此复合物性质:(1)紫外吸收光谱在255～265 tim间有一个“肩”,A_(250)/A_(280)>1;(2)在Sephadex G75柱层析上的表观分子量约为10kD,但在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现的条带紧接着前沿,分子量非常小;(3)氨基酸组分分析,约90％的氨基酸残基为Glu/Gln,Cys和Gly,三者比例约为4:4:1。结果说明小麦幼苗根系Cd-BC是寡聚肽,是植物镉螯合素(Cd-PCs)的聚合体。     

缺磷或缺铁引起白羽扇豆锰中毒的机理

白羽扇豆在缺磷或缺铁条件下均有排根形成,并且根系还原力显著增加。缺磷、缺铁根系还原力在高峰期分别高于对照。缺磷与缺铁根系还原力高峰不仅出现的时期不同,而且还原力增加部位也不一样。缺磷处理的排根区具有很高的还原力,缺铁处理还原力较高的部位是在主根和侧根的根尖以及排根区。由于Ｍｎ４＋比Ｆｅ３＋更易被还原,致使根系还原力提高促使根际大量锰被还原,这是缺磷和缺铁造成白羽扇豆锰中毒的主要原因之一。     

杉木火力楠混交林根系的研究

杉木火力楠混交林根系的研究李振问,杨玉盛,吴擢溪,赖仕嶂（福建林学院,南平３５３００１）（福建尤溪县林业科学研究所,３６５２００）ＲｏｏｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＭｉｘｅｄＳｔａｎｄｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＦｉｒａｎｄＨｏｍａｎａ　￥ＬｉＺｈｅｎｗｅｎ;ＹａｎｇＹｕｓｈｅｎｇ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｎａｎｐｉｎｇ３５３００１）,ＷｕＺｈｏｕｘｉ;ＬａｉＳｈｉｚｈａｎｇ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＹｏｕｘｉＣｏｕｎｔｙ,Ｆｕ－ｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ３６５２００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：２０－２４。Ｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆａ６－ｙｅａｒｍｉｘｅｄｓｔａｎｄｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｆｉｒａｎｄＨｏｍａｎａｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙ＂ｓｏｉｌｃｏｌｕｍｎ＂ａｎｄ＂ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓａｍｐｌｅｔｒｅｅ＂ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ．Ｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｒｏｏｔ（ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ２ｍｍｉｎｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ）ｂｉｏｍａｓｓｏｆｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｔｒｅｅｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｆｉｒｉｎｍｉｘｅｄｓｔａｎｄｉｓ１４．５％ｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｉｎｐｕｒｅｓｔａｎｄ,ｗ     

大气增温对杉木幼树根系生物量的影响

为揭示亚热带杉木人工林地下生物量对全球变暖的响应,本研究以杉木幼树为研究对象,在福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站利用开顶式(OTC)大气增温模拟气候变暖,研究增温对杉木幼树根系生物量的空间分布和不同径级分配的影响。结果表明：增温处理后总根系生物量、总细根生物量及总粗根生物量较对照均无显著差异;与对照相比,增温处理显著降低20～50 cm土层的细根生物量占比与0～10 cm土层的粗根生物量占比,但显著提高20～50 cm土层的粗根生物量占比;其余土层细根生物量和粗根生物量较对照均无显著差异;与对照相比,增温处理后0～2、2～5、5～10、10～20和>20 mm径级根系生物量均无显著变化。因此,增温处理下杉木幼树通过降低表层粗根生物量的占比,提高深层粗根生物量的占比以固定和支撑杉木生长,同时通过降低深层细根生物量的占比来维持表层细根生物量以保证水分和养分的吸收;大气增温影响根系生物量的垂直分布和不同径级的分配,在一定程度上影响地下碳分配,可能导致碳循环过程发生改变。     

丛枝菌根菌丝桥介导刺槐-魔芋间碳转运和磷吸收

明确间作和接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)与魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)碳转运和磷吸收的影响,可为揭示间作刺槐对魔芋的防病促生机制和推广刺槐林下魔芋绿色高产栽培技术提供科学依据。该研究使用孔径25μm尼龙网设置两室根箱隔网系统,分为A室(刺槐不接种/接种AMF)和B室(单作刺槐/刺槐间作魔芋);采用¹³C稳定性同位素技术对A室刺槐叶片进行标记,研究其同化的碳与B室魔芋之间的传递,以及AMF定植对两种作物的农艺性状、¹³C丰度和磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)在接种条件下,菌丝桥对B室刺槐和魔芋的侵染率分别达到47.1%和60.4%;其中,刺槐侵染率与单作直接接种处理相比降低14.1%。在间作体系中,接种AMF提高了魔芋的生物量,其地上干质量和地下根系干质量分别较未接种处理显著增加9.7%和36.2%。(2)与单作未接种处理相比,间作未接种、单作接种和间作接种的刺槐同化的碳被更多地分配到根系和根际土壤(A室),并以根系分泌物的形式穿越尼龙网到达邻近作物根际(B室)。(3)与各自未接...