Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

新疆绿蟾蜍的染色体组型初步研究

近年来,有关两栖类的染色体组型已有不少报道。无尾两栖类中蜍蟾属(Bufo)的染色体数目分为两类:2n=22和2n=20(Blain,1972)。我们对采自新疆4个地区的绿蟾蜍进行了染色体组型分析,发现其二倍体细胞染色体数均为44,是四倍体。现将我们的初步研究报道如下。     

冷处理金黄仓鼠卵和四种不同培养液对人精子染色体制备的影响

本文研究了冷处理金黄仓鼠卵与4种不同培养液对人精子单倍染色体制备的影响。冷处理组与未经冷处理组的穿透率与染色体出现率经X~2处理、P<0.001,表明通过冷处理可适当延长卵的制备时间,减轻卵的老化。4种不同培养液的染色体出现率与分散好的染色体率对比结果经X~2处理,P>0.1,表明无统计学差异,作者认为四种不同培养液均可用于该实验中,但首先选用F_(10)、卵培养液和改良BWW液。     

大壁虎的染色体及减数分裂联会复合体的研究

大壁虎(Gekko gecko)的染色体数目为2n=38,核型由2对中着丝粒(Nos.1.4.)、3对亚中着丝粒(Nos.2.3.5)及14对端着丝粒和亚端着丝粒(Nos.6—19)染色体组成。一对核仁组织者(NOR_s),位于第7对端着丝粒染色体的末端。同时,本文还对大壁虎的减数分裂以及联会复合体(S.C)的结构和组型,进行了详细的观察和分析。     

辽宁沙参属两个种的补记及染色体数目

此文包括了缢花沙参Adenophora contracta (Kitag．) J． Z． Qu et Hong 和松叶沙参 A．pinifolia Kitag．两个种。在过去,前者曾被处理为石沙参的变种(A.polyantha Nakai var．contracta Kitag．)。本文通过对它的地理分布、植物体形态和细胞学特征的研究,发现它相当独特。所以,把它处理为种的等级A．contracta (Kitag．) J．Z．Qu. et Hong。后者,曾被洪德元(1983)处理为存疑种。在此被确认为独立的种。     

狗獾（Meles meles）的染色体研究

本文报告了狗獾北方亚种(Melesmeles leptorhynchus)的核型及染色体带型的研究结果。染色体数目2n=44,NF=72,常染色体分为4组(8m+12sm+10st+12t),X是一条中等大小的亚中着丝粒染色体,Y是一条最小的末端着丝粒染色体。并对染色体的G带、C带、Ag带带型作了详细描述和讨论。     

大麦染色体银带的研究

本文以六棱、四棱和二棱大麦为材料,用去壁低渗火焰干燥法制备染色体标本,标本在60℃恒温下经70—80％AgNO_3水溶液处理12—14小时,可在核仁组成区、着丝粒和端粒出现黑色银染区。细胞化学反应说明这些不同区域的银染物质具有相同的性质。银染带型与C带型和N带型迥然不同,3种大麦的银染带型也有差别。试验还证明染色体标本制备技术对银染效果影响极大,只有合适的酶解和火焰干燥处理才能促使着丝粒和端粒显示出银染正反应。     

中国部分山茶属植物的染色体数目报告(英文)

本文报道36个种或变种的染色体数目,按张宏达的分类系统涉及到了4个亚属、11个组,其中2个种进行了不同居群的观察。结果表明(详见表1),山茶属植物的染色体基数都是x=15。在自然界,染色体倍性变异从2倍体到8倍体均有,但多数种为2倍体。我们观察的这36个种或变种中,2倍体种有22个,4倍体种3个,6倍体种10个,8倍体种1个。这一系列的多倍性变异,主要表现在种间。此外,同种不同居群间也有不同倍性的变异。例如C. forrestii在不同居群间有2倍体、4倍体和6倍体。而且各个不同倍性的植株表型特征没有明显的变异,估计是同源多倍体或称种内多倍体。     

菜豆属次级联会的细胞学和统计学分析

在花粉母细胞减数第一分裂时期,对多花菜豆（Phaseolus coccineus L.)4个品种,菜豆（P.vulgaris L.)5个品种和菜豆变种[P.vulgaris var,baorigineus(Burk.)baudet]的一个收集样品的二价体次级联会（次级配对）进行了细胞学检查,同时也提供了一种评价观测到的联会程度和预期的随机联会程度之间的偏差统计学方法,发现次级配对的程序是高度显著的,对透射电子显微技术加以改进,并使之能够观察压片完整的花粉母细胞,显示出在次级联会的双价体之间发生有形的联结。     

蚕豆叶片尿囊素酶性质初探

酰尿输出型蚕豆有一定程度合成和同化酰脲的能力(刘承宪和黄维南1987a),蚕豆叶片尿囊素酶(B-ALNase)和酰脲输出型大豆叶片尿囊素酶(S-ALNase)(Thomas等1983)不同,是热敏感的(刘承宪和黄维南 1987b)。我们进一步分离和纯化B-ALNase,并作了初步的鉴