西方教育中对未成年人认知的演变

西方把未成年人也称为儿童,儿童观对应于一种对儿童的特殊性的意识,根据这种特殊性可以将未成年人与成年人做出区分。英国谚语说儿童是成人之父,西方的教育对儿童的意识却随着时代的发展而发生着变化。     

人类与鸟类和谐相处，建设生态四川——四川各地深入开展“爱鸟周”活动

“关注鸟类,关注人类,预防禽流感”,加强未成年人生态道德教育,关注鸟类和人类生存健康,增强人们爱鸟护鸟的意识。这是四川省第25届“爱鸟周”的主题。2006年四川省“爱鸟周”启动仪式4月1日在成都北湖公园举行。     

Cannibalism in the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum

Previous observations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum （L.）： this article seeks to quantify factors contributing to such be- haviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a number of clones and life stages to varying levels of starvation, in the form of increasingly desiccated Vicafaba L. plants （receiving 50, 25, or 10 mL every second day） or a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism are carried out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） and targeted at adults, the starvation treatments had the most significant effect on the prevalence of cannibalism in mature A. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Furthermore, there was no difference between the prevalence or dura- tion of cannibalistic activities within and between different clones （P 〉 0.05 in all cases）, though juveniles were more likely to target unrelated aphids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, and spent more time feeding on aphids from the same culture （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.