弥散神经内分泌系统

概括地介绍了弥散神经内分泌系统的组成，结构和产物，发挥作用的方式。还阐明了神经系统和胃肠胰内分泌之间可能存在某种内在联系，心血管与血细胞具有重要的内分泌功能。指出某些疾病和肿瘤与弥散神经内分泌系统有重要关系。     

耐药细菌蛋白质的分泌——新抗攻击的靶点

几十年来,由于抗生素的大量使用,导致了细菌对很多药物的抗药性.为了克服细菌的抗药性问题,需要用新的思路去发掘新的抗生素,包括发掘细菌细胞中存在的抗生素作用的新靶点.蛋白质的分泌过程对于细菌是生死攸关的,它可能成为新药物的适合靶点.     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）的研究进展

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）是一种广泛存在于真菌、植物、哺乳动物中的去糖基化酶，可以水解N-糖蛋白或 N-糖肽上天冬酰胺与寡糖链连接的化学键，并释放出完整的N-寡糖。PNGase在生物体内参与蛋白质降解、器官发育、个体生长等过程。人PNGase基因功能缺陷会导致先天性去糖基化障碍，小鼠PNGase缺陷会导致胚胎致死性，线虫PNGase缺陷使其寿命下降。本文对PNGase在不同物种的分布、蛋白质结构、酶学功能及生物学功能进行阐述，为PNGase的生理病理功能及致病机制的基础研究提供思路，为PNGase作为糖生物学工具酶或药物开发的创新应用研究奠定基础。     

大冢制药公司在美国建新所着手细胞表面糖链的研究

大塚制药公司在美国开设的第2个生物所已确定明年2—3月起正式发展工作,主要进行阐明利用单克隆抗体的细胞表面糖链结构等项研究。这个研究所与基因操作中心的大冢马里兰工程研究所一起,建成在美国的从事细胞工程和基因工程研究的基地。     

KATP通道介导异氟醚所致的冠状动脉细小分支的舒张

目的和方法：用微血管口径直接测量技术，评介挥发性麻醉气体Ｉｓｏｆｌｕｒａｎｅ，ＫＡＴＰ通道开放剂ｃｒｏｍａｋａｌｉｒｎ和非特异笥血管扩张剂ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｒｕｓｓｉｄｅ对精冠状动脉和细小分支直径的作用，并研究了ＫＡＴＰ通道阻ｇｌｉｂｅｎｅｌａｎｉｄｅ对血管口径的影响。结果：Ｃｄｉｂｅｎｃｌａｍｉｄｅ显著 Ｉｓｏｎｕｒａｎｅ和ｃｒｏｍａｌｋａｌｉｍ的血管扩张作用，而ｓｏｄｉｕｍｎｉｔｒｏｐ