“绿色革命”新进展:赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种

以半矮秆育种为代表的“绿色革命”极大地提高了作物产量,但也带来氮营养利用效率降低的严重问题。“绿色革命”主要基于调控赤霉素的代谢和信号转导而实现。前期的研究发现,赤霉素信号转导关键因子DELLA蛋白通过调控GRF4而负调控氮素的吸收利用,为半矮秆品系氮利用效率低的问题提供了解决方案。最近的一项研究进一步揭示了GA信号途径与氮响应交叉互作的新机制。该研究发现水稻(Oryza sativa)NGR5是氮素调控分蘖数目的一个关键基因,其表达受氮诱导。通过招募PRC2,NGR5对D14和OsSPL14等分蘖抑制基因所在位点进行H3K27me3甲基化修饰,从而抑制其表达。而在半矮秆背景下超表达NGR5可以提高低氮水平下的水稻产量。NGR5同时也被发现为赤霉素受体GID1的一个新靶标,受到其负调控。该研究发现了调控赤霉素信号通路的新机制,并对高产高效的新一代“绿色革命”育种实践具有重要启示。     

KATP通道介导异氟醚所致的冠状动脉细小分支的舒张

目的和方法：用微血管口径直接测量技术，评介挥发性麻醉气体Ｉｓｏｆｌｕｒａｎｅ，ＫＡＴＰ通道开放剂ｃｒｏｍａｋａｌｉｒｎ和非特异笥血管扩张剂ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｒｕｓｓｉｄｅ对精冠状动脉和细小分支直径的作用，并研究了ＫＡＴＰ通道阻ｇｌｉｂｅｎｅｌａｎｉｄｅ对血管口径的影响。结果：Ｃｄｉｂｅｎｃｌａｍｉｄｅ显著 Ｉｓｏｎｕｒａｎｅ和ｃｒｏｍａｌｋａｌｉｍ的血管扩张作用，而ｓｏｄｉｕｍｎｉｔｒｏｐ     

山西省异爪蝗属二新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

本文记述在晋南地区采到的异爪蝗属二新种,黑条异爪蝗Euchorthippus nigiliineatus sp.nov.及曲线异爪蝗Eochorthippus sinucarinatus sp.nov.     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

闽,粤,海南地区的斯氏线虫科及异小杆线虫科分布调查

本文是对闽、粤、海南等地区27个县(市)昆虫病原线虫分布的调查结果。从1983至1987年共采集土壤样品600多个,从中分离出昆虫病原线虫39号,全部鉴定到属,少数鉴定到种。结果表明,闽、粤、海南均有斯氏线虫科及异小杆线虫科分布,该两科线虫的发现率,沿海20公里内的花生地,番薯地较高,砂土,砂壤土较高。     

家蚕产卵数的遗传及育种学研究 11。产卵数的配合力及育种学研究

本试验采用Griffing方法对家蚕产卵数的配合力进行了沾算,并分析了一般配合力、特殊f 力 在育种工作中所起的作用,同时从产卯数的选择方向、选择强度来研究选择效果的表现。结果,特殊配 合力效应大于一般配合力效应而起主要作用;选择方向对选择效果有显著的差异;选择强度的不同则遗 传进展、现实遗传力等效应也表现出明显的倾向性。     

延胡索分类的化学证据

东阳产延胡索与大连产齿瓣延胡索经成分分离和TLC、HPLC对比,发现延胡索以啊扑啡类生物碱如glaucine为主,而齿瓣延胡索则含corynoline类生物碱。根据生物碱的类型及含量比较,二者有明显差异,结合延胡索的植物形态和植化分类特征判断,将延胡索作为与齿瓣延胡索近缘的独立种处理较为合理,即为Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang ex Z.Y. Su et C. Y. Wu     

异孢耳霉的分离和鉴定

本文报道了1987年冬季在南平地区分离的一个腐生耳霉新纪录——异孢耳霉(Conidiobolus incongruus),分生孢子梗无色,不分叉,6—10×50—130μm,分生孢子无色,多数球形,少数亚球形至椭圆形,13—33×16—35μm,易萌发,多数形成菌丝体,少数可形成次生分生孢子或三生分生孢子,弹射在水琼脂上的分生孢子常能迅速产生小分生孢子。接合孢子球形,淡黄色,光滑,直径18—29/μm,壁厚2.5—5μm。     

半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的摩擦发声器及其在分类上的重要意义

<正> 对昆虫摩擦发声器装置的研究虽始于两个多世纪前,但只是在本世纪才得到了飞速的发展。由于先进研究方法和设备的不断涌现,特别是由于电子显微技术的应用,使得人们发现并细致地研究了越来越多的昆虫摩擦发声器装置,并开始逐渐认识到它们的分类学价值。本