Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

坡向和坡位对四川夹金山灌丛群落结构与物种多样性特征的影响

研究不同坡向、坡位夹金山灌丛群落结构和物种多样性特征。结果表明: 在 24 个样地中,共有维管植物 186 种,隶属于 50 科 127 属。其中,灌木层有 32 种,隶属于 14 科 22 属,阴坡下坡位物种数最多;草本层有 154 种,隶属于 43 科 109 属,阴坡物种数最少。灌木层的平均高度表现为阳坡>半阳坡>阴坡,平均密度则相反;草本层平均高度表现为阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡,平均密度无显著变化。坡位仅对阳坡草本层平均高度有显著影响,灌木层物种多样性在阴坡较高,草本层物种多样性在阳坡下坡位和阴坡中坡位较高。坡向对灌木层和草本层 Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数影响显著(除草本层 Simpson 指数),坡位对灌木层和草本层物种多样性指数均无显著影响,坡向和坡位的交互作用对草本层物种多样性的影响大于灌木层。冗余分析(RDA)表明,物种多样性不仅与坡向正弦值、坡向余弦值相关,也与群落结构特征相关性较大。     

四川省二郎山常见被子植物资源和分布特征

二郎山国家森林公园海拔3 437 m.生态环境保护良好,植物种类繁多.为进一步了解二郎山常见被子植物种类,探讨植被的垂直地带性变化和坡向性变化,对二郎山植物进行野外实地调查取样,所采集的200余份标本进行鉴定分析,结果表明,四川二郎山常见被子植物184种,8变种,主要属蔷薇科、菊科、杜鹃花科、毛茛科等科.由于二郎山的特殊地理位置,其常见被子植物具有明显的垂直性变化和坡向性变化.     

川西高原不同坡向云、冷杉树轮对快速升温的响应差异

在川西高原松潘县二道海林区的东南坡、西北坡和扎日寺林区的东坡用零信号法建立4条云、冷杉树轮年表,通过年轮 气候响应分析、多因素方差分析等方法研究不同坡向树木生长对快速升温的响应差异.结果表明： 快速升温(1980年)后,东坡紫果云杉生长显著加速(0.011 a^-1),而西北坡紫果云杉生长则显著降低(-0.006 a^-1),东南坡紫果云杉和西北坡岷江冷杉生长降低,但不显著.随着快速升温,不同坡向云、冷杉径向生长与气候因子的关系均出现显著变化.快速升温后,生长季温度对东坡紫果云杉径向生长的促进作用显著增加,对东南坡和西北坡紫果云杉径向生长的抑制作用也显著增加,但生长季温度对西北坡岷江冷杉径向生长的影响在升温前后变化不明显.5月降水量对东坡紫果云杉径向生长由升温前的抑制作用变为升温后的显著促进作用,而对东南坡和西北坡紫果云杉径向生长的抑制作用显著增加,5月降水量对西北坡岷江冷杉径向生长的影响在升温前后变化不明显.树轮与帕尔默干旱指数响应分析表明,快速升温后,不同坡向的土壤湿度变化是造成树轮响应差异的重要原因.多因素方差分析表明,坡向与温度、降水的综合作用是影响紫果云杉径向生长的重要因素.因此,在模拟预测树木生长对气候变暖的响应动态时,应考虑不同坡向与温度、降水的综合作用.     

基于RS、GIS的天目山自然保护区植被空间分布规律研究

以RS、GIS技术为工具。将天目山自然保护区的TM遥感影像进行处理与分类得到该区的植被分布图。利用GIS空间分析功能。研究了天目山自然保护区内各植被类型空间分布规律。重点研究了其中的一种植被类型。研究结果定量描述了自然保护区内各植被类型的高程、坡向、坡度分布,给出科学的统计结果。总结了研究区内植被类型的空间分布规律,把对植被类型的空间分布规律的定性理解转为定量描述,结合实际给出了理论解释。为自然保护区的规划、管理和保护提供了科学依据。     

坡向对香根草护坡地植物群落特征的影响

经连续2年定点调查,研究了不同坡向对香根草（Vetiveria zizanioides）护坡地植物群落早期演替阶段特征的影响。结果表明：最早迁入边坡地定居的主要为菊科、禾本科和豆科类植物,三者物种数占物种总数比例为59.09%～92.86%;不同坡向植物群落特征从香根草栽后第2年开始出现差异;阳坡香根草种群物种优势度明显高于阴坡的物种优势度,且阳坡香根草种群持续上升,阴坡香根草种群则呈衰退趋势;植物群落丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数均与群落中香根草物种优势度呈极显著线性负相关;生态优势度指数与群落中香根草物种优势度呈极显著线性正相关。     

祁连山高寒草地甘肃臭草叶性状与坡向间的关系

植物功能性状可反映植物对环境的适应。在祁连山高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型, 提取坡向数据, 采用标准化主轴估计方法(standardized major axis estimation, SMA), 研究了不同坡向甘肃臭草(Melica przewalskyi)叶性状间的关系。结果表明: 1)甘肃臭草叶面积和叶体积在北坡最大, 东坡、西坡、南坡逐渐减小, 叶干质量无显著变化; 2)叶面积与叶干质量在北坡、东坡和西坡呈等速生长关系, 在南坡呈异速生长关系, 且叶干质量的增长速度大于叶面积的增长速度; 3)叶体积与叶干质量在4个坡向上呈异速生长关系, 且叶干质量的增长速度均小于叶体积的增长速度。甘肃臭草叶性状关系随坡向的变化反映了该物种在异质生境中具有较强的叶片形态可塑性, 从而有利于其适应和占据高寒退化生境。     

高寒草地甘肃臭草根系分形结构的坡向差异性

根系分形结构是植物根系构型应对环境异质性的表型可塑性结果, 可反映植物对生长环境的适应策略。利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型, 并提取坡向数据, 采用全根挖掘和Win-RHIZO根系分析仪相结合的方法, 研究了祁连山北坡高寒退化草地不同坡向甘肃臭草(Melica przewalskyi)的根系分形结构。结果表明: 随着坡向由北坡向东坡、西坡、南坡转变, 草地群落的密度、高度和土壤含水量逐渐减小, 甘肃臭草种群的密度、高度以及根系分形丰度呈逐渐增大的趋势、分形维数逐渐减小; 不同坡向甘肃臭草根系分形维数和分形丰度间的相关性存在差异(p < 0.05), 南坡和北坡甘肃臭草根系分形维数分形丰度之间存在极显著负相关关系(p < 0.01), 东坡和西坡之间存在显著负相关关系(p < 0.05), 甘肃臭草根系分形维数和分形丰度存在着“此消彼长”的权衡关系; 随着坡向由北坡向东坡、西坡、南坡转变, 甘肃臭草根系分形维数和分形丰度回归方程的标准化主轴(SMA)斜率逐渐增大(p < 0.05), 说明在干旱的南坡, 根系所开发利用的相同体积的土壤内, 根系分支更少、更稀疏。不同坡向甘肃臭草合理权衡根系分形维数和分形丰度的资源配置模式, 体现了植物根系构型构建的资源投资权衡机制。     

龙翔山植物群落空间异质性及其影响因子

为探明焦作市龙翔山植物群落的空间分布及种间关系,对不同海拔、坡向群落进行样方调查,利用种间联结分析、回归分析及非度量多维度分析(NMDS)等方法,研究植物群落物种组成、多样性、生态位及种间关联特征。结果表明：共调查植物57科128属172种,其中乔木15科24属28种,灌木16科22属25种,草本33科86属111种;乔木层中柽柳的重要值最高(1.523),黄栌的生态位宽度(4.763)位居第一;灌草中野皂荚和羊胡子草的重要值最高(0.483和0.429),其生态位宽度位居第2和第5;阴坡植物总盖度(83%)、Simpson指数(0.605)和Shannon指数(1.875)高于阳坡,且显著高于平地(P<0.05);500～600 m海拔的Margalef多样性指数(1.315)及均匀度指数(1.084)最高;海拔与植物群落Margalef多样性指数、均匀度分别呈显著幂指数和二次多项式拟合趋势(P<0.05),而坡度与Margalef多样性指数、Shannon指数呈显著二次多项式拟合趋势(P<0.05);优势植物的生态位重叠指数与种间联结指数Dice系数、Jiacca...     

Exploring the community assembly of subalpine meadow communities based on functional traits and community phylogeny

Aims The community assembly has been a prominent issue in community ecology. This work was intended to explore the mechanisms of the species coexistence and biodiversity in communities. Our objective was to explore the mechanisms of community assembly in subalpine meadow plant communities along slope gradients in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China.Methods We selected five slope-oriented plots to construct a super-tree representing the species pool. We surveyed the leaf functional traits and soil environmental factors in different slopes. Then we tested the phylogenetic signal of leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and leaf phosphorus content (LPC).Important findings The changes of slope aspect had significant influence on soil water content (SWC) and soil nutrient content. Most of the plants leaf functional traits had significant difference along different slope aspects. The LDMC was higher in south and southwest slope than north slope, while SLA, LNC and LPC were relatively high in north and northwest slope. The LPC showed feeble phylogenetic signal, while LDMC, SLA, LNC did not have a significant phylogenetic signal. With changes in the slope aspect from south to north, community phylogenetic structure shifted from over-dispersion to clustered dispersion. In south and southwest slope, habitat filtering was the driving force for community assembly. Interspecific competition was the main driving factor for community assembly in north and northwest slope aspects. But in west slope, two indices showed contrary consequence. This means the process of community assembly in west slope was more complicated and its phylogenetic index may be the result of several mechanisms working together.