Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

华北地区针叶林下凋落物层化学性质的研究

森林凋落物中贮积了大量的有机、无机养分物质,它是森林土壤自然肥力的重要来源之一。在森林生态系统中,养分物质的内部循环主要是通过凋落物来实现的。在分解、转化过     

海南岛河港海莲红树林凋落物动态的研究

 本文应用凋落物收集网对海南岛海莲红树群落进行连续4年(1984.1—1987.12)的凋落物动态研究。结果表明： (1)在保护良好的河港海滩上,海莲群落的年凋落物量高达1255g／m2,是热带地区凋落物量最大的群落类型之一;与世界上红树群落凋落物量相比处于较高水平。(2)4年平均凋落物各组分占总量的比例为叶64.32%、花10.63%,果21.34%、枝3.71%。 (3)月凋落物量(Y,g／m2)与月均气温(X,℃)的回归公式为 Y=5.009X–13.18(r=0.44**,df=46),相关极显著。 (4)不同年份凋落物的变化率R=1.33。     

黄土丘陵区代表性乔灌草植物凋落物关键代谢产物释放的室内模拟研究

凋落物源代谢产物在植物-土壤系统中发挥着重要生态作用,该研究以黄土丘陵区刺槐、油松、沙棘、狗尾草和达乌里胡枝子等5种代表性乔灌草植物的凋落物为研究对象,以土壤混水振荡沉淀后收集上清液的方式提取客土微生物,通过均匀喷施上清液对凋落物进行接种,并在室温(25℃)恒湿(凋落物持水率维持在约100%)条件下进行室内分解模拟,研究该过程中7种代谢产物的降解和释放特征,以期更深入地理解凋落物分解过程及其可能的后续生态学效应,为林草生态系统管理提供依据。结果显示：(1)150 d的分解过程中,5种凋落物的木质素均呈分解前期(0～60 d)少部分降解(<30%)、后期趋于停滞的趋势;水溶性酚、凝缩单宁和黄酮呈分解前期(0～30 d)快速释放大部分(>80%)、后期显著减缓的趋势;萜类呈持续释放、甚至在试验后期明显加速的趋势;可溶性糖和氨基酸的释放均呈现在短时间内快速释放、随后缓慢释放的趋势。总体而言,除木质素呈慢速降解状态外,其他代谢产物均呈超速释放状态。(2)7种代谢产物的年降解或释放速率总体均呈现沙棘和刺槐凋落物显著高于达乌里胡枝子、狗尾草和油松凋落物的规律(P<0.05)。(3...     

森林凋落物与大型土壤动物相关关系的研究

以针阔混交林及落叶阔叶林为例,探讨了森林凋落物与大型土壤动物的相关关系。研究表明,森林凋落物中大型土壤动物的个体数依林型、凋落物厚度、凋落物量不同而异,凋落物的分解程度影响大型土壤动物的种类、数量分布,凋落物中矿质元素含量与大型土壤动物体内矿质元素含量相关较好,凋落物中微量元素含量与大型土壤动物体内微量元素含量明显不相关。本研究为揭示大型土壤动物在凋落物分解中的作用,进而为森林的经营和保护提供科学依据。     

短期氮沉降改变毛竹林凋落物和土壤有机质化学组成

为了探究短期氮沉降对凋落物和土壤有机质化学组成的影响,以亚热带毛竹林为对象,于2020年7月—2022年1月设置氮沉降增加(施氮量50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)处理,利用热裂解气相色谱质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)技术,对毛竹林毛竹叶/根凋落物和土壤的有机质化学组分进行了分析。结果表明：与对照相比,短期氮沉降处理土壤有机质中酚类的相对含量显著增加了50.9%,而脂肪酸的相对含量显著减少了26.3%;叶凋落物中烷烯烃和木质素的相对含量显著增加了51.9%和33.5%,酚类和多糖的相对含量显著减少了52.2%和56.3%;根凋落物中多杂环芳香烃的相对含量显著减少了16.6%。土壤有机质中脂肪酸的相对含量与叶凋落物中多糖的相对含量呈显著正相关;土壤有机质中酚类的相对含量与叶凋落物中木质素的相对含量呈显著正相关,与多糖的相对含量呈显著负相关。短期氮沉降对毛竹林毛竹叶/根凋落物和土壤的总有机碳、总氮和碳氮比均无显著影响,但是会显著改变三者的有机质化学组成;另外,短期氮沉降下土壤有机质化学组成的变化受叶凋落物有机质化学组成的影响。     

浙江建德青冈常绿阔叶林凋落量研究

 本文报道了浙江建德青冈常绿阔叶林的凋落量及各类凋落物的凋落特征。 6年的测定结果表明,青冈林的年均凋落量为5547.6kg/(hm2·a),其中枯叶量占68.32%,枯枝、落果、其它凋落物各占14.82%、15.04%和1.82%。各类凋落量具有明显的季节与年际变化规律,其季节分配还具年际波动现象。各类凋落物的凋落特征从一定角度反映了植物群落一般的生物学与生态学特性,以及植物对特殊环境条件的适应性。     

七坪林场常绿阔叶林凋落物研究初报

凋落物即来自林冠的落叶、落枝和落花果等有机残体。既是林木自身的代谢产物,又是森林土壤养分的重要来源,在森林生态系统养分循环中发挥重要的作用。有关天然林凋落物的研究,国内已有一些