Inhibiting autophagy potentiates the anticancer activity of IFN1@/IFNα in chronic myeloid leukemia cells

IFN1@ (interferon, type 1, cluster, also called IFNα) has been extensively studied as a treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The mechanism of anticancer activity of IFN1@ is complex and not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, a mechanism of cellular homeostasis for the removal of dysfunctional organelles and proteins, regulates IFN1@-mediated cell death. IFN1@ activated the cellular autophagic machinery in immortalized or primary CML cells. Activation of JAK1-STAT1 and RELA signaling were required for IFN1@-induced expression of BECN1, a key regulator of autophagy. Moreover, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy enhanced IFN1@-induced apoptosis by activation of the CASP8-BID pathway. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for an important mechanism that links autophagy to immunotherapy in leukemia.     

副粘病毒F1蛋白胞外非保守区对其特异性膜融合的影响

为了解融合蛋白F1分子的胞外非保守区在融合蛋白(F)与血凝素．神经氨酸酶(HN)的特异性膜融合中的作用,采用基因定点突变方法,在新城疫病毒(NDV)F1与人副流感病毒(hPIV)F1基因的胞外非保守区进行定点突变,创造酶切位点,得到分别含3个相同酶切位点的突变株NDV-M和hPIV-M。经检测,突变体的细胞融合功能与野毒株相同。然后用3个限制性内切酶分别从NDV-M与hPIV-M中切出两个片段NDVF-1、F-2及hPIVF-1、F-2。NDV-M和hPIV-M相互交换对应的F-1片段后进行基因重组,得到2个嵌合体(Chimera),即NDV-C1和hPIV-C1;同样方法交换F-2片段后又得到2个嵌合体NDV-C2和hPIV-C2。将各种嵌合体DNA与同源及异源HN基因共转染BHK21细胞后,在真核细胞中表达。Giemsa染色和指示基因法检测细胞融合功能,荧光强度分析(FACS)检测F蛋白的表达效率。结果表明,突变体：NDV-M和hPIV-M的细胞融合功能与野毒株相同,可用于构建嵌合体。NDV-1C和NDV—C2分别与NDV HN共表达后,融合功能达到野毒株的76．34％和96．2％,与hPIV HN共表达后均无细胞融合发生;hPIV-C1和hPIV—C2分别与hPIV HN共表达后,融合功能达到野毒株的65．82％和93．78％,与NDV HN共表达后无细胞融合发生。FACS分析表明,突变体及所有嵌合体蛋白F的表达效率与野毒株相比均没有明显变化。实验结果说明在F1蛋白的胞外非保守区中,NDV F-1和hPIV F-1这两个片段对于NDV和hPIV的特异性膜融合具有重要作用;而NDV F-2和hPIV F-2这两个片段对于NDV和hPIV的膜融合来讲,则特异性较低。     

毛绥螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲：裂胸螨科)

报道列胞螨科Aceosejidae Baker et Wharton,1952毛绥螨属Lasioseius Berlese,1916一新种,即青海毛缓螨Lasioseius qinghaiensis sp.von.。