Temporal changes and vertical distribution of macrophytes in Lake Kawaguchi

 The distribution of macrophytes in Lake Kawaguchi, Japan, was surveyed in August 1999 using a sampling anchor from a boat. The survey revealed that the present aquatic vegetation was composed of 17 submerged species, and no floating-leaved plants were present. The diversity of submerged plants and their vertical growth limits decreased progressively from the west to the east end of the lake. At the time of the survey, the dominant species was Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John, which had once grown explosively in the mid-1980s in the lake, and except for Vallisneria asiatica Miki, all of the species commonly observed in the lake seem to have diminished their growth greatly. Among them, Potamogeton compressus L., which was the most dominant species in the lake before the invasion of Elodea nuttallii, had decreased most severely. It is suggested that the present state of aquatic vegetation in this lake was much influenced by the persistent growth of Elodea nuttallii as well as by environmental factors. Received: August 7, 2001 / Accepted: February 9, 2002     

氮、硅限制对赤潮藻扁面角毛藻休眠孢子形成的影响

休眠孢子的形成对于赤潮藻种群的保存、延续以及分布扩散等均具有重要的意义。通过单因子营养限制研究氮、硅对赤潮藻扁面角毛藻（Chaetoceros compressus）休眠孢子形成的影响,结果表明：培养基中氮的初始浓度对休眠孢子的出现时间有一定影响。氮的初始浓度越低,休眠孢子出现的时间越早：反之,氮的初始浓度越高,休眠孢子出现的时间越晚。氮缺乏是硅藻形成休眠孢子的必需条件之一,当培养基中氮含量低于10μmol·L^-1时,扁面角毛藻可以形成休眠孢子。氮缺乏诱发的休眠孢子的形成需要大量的硅,当培养基中硅含量低于23μmol·L^-1时,即使氮缺乏,扁面角毛藻也几乎不再继续形成休眠孢子。这说明硅藻休眠孢子的形成不仅受氮浓度的影响,还与硅浓度有关。     

偏序钝叶草（Stenotaphrum secundatum）与地毯草（Axonopuscompressus）营养器官特点的研究

偏序钝叶草（Ｓｔｅｎｏｔａｐｈｒｕｍｓｅｃｕｎｄａｔｕｍ（Ｗａｌｔ．）Ｋｕｎｔｚｅ）与地毯草（Ａｘｏｎｏｐｕｓｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｕｓ（Ｓｗａｒｔｚ）Ｂｅａｕｖ．）均为热带和亚热带的草坪优良草种,它们的匍匐枝节节可生根和产生分蘖,覆盖面积大。偏序钝叶草根毛分布范围较广,寿命较长;地毯草植株平铺地面,它们都是良好的保土植物。偏序钝叶草茎和叶的维管束都较密集,厚壁组织较发达,植株有一定的韧度。它们的叶的维管束解剖呈现“花环”结构,属Ｃ４植物。     

密叶绢藓一新变种

报导了密叶绢藓一新变种,即密叶绢藓小孢变种Entodon compressus C.Muell.var.parvisporus X.S.Wen et Z.T.Zhao.     

扁圆吻鲴下咽齿的个体发生及替换规律

扁圆吻鲴下咽齿的个体发生可分为三个阶段：初齿期、过渡齿期和成齿期。初步期符合鲤科鱼类的一般规律;过渡齿期相当延长,产生全部齿位,６或７枚齿,齿的发生存在两种类型;成齿与幼齿的替换规律完全不同,发育进入成齿阶段后,主行齿由奇数齿位与偶数齿位交错替换转变为相二枚齿进行替换,替换公式为１－４,２－５,３－６或１－４－７,２－５,３－６（主行齿６枚或７枚）,全部替换一次分三列替换波完成,可将扁圆吻鲴下咽齿的发育模式视为新的类型,副行齿在过渡齿期出现,与主行齿的发展模式不同,替换形式始终为相令齿位交错进行,本文还探讨了咽骨的发育及其对下咽发生的影响。     

Presence of a novel 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer insert in Bradyrhizobium canariense strains

Seven slow-growing bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) that originated from Asinara Island on North Western Sardinia in Italy were characterized by partial 16S rRNA gene and intergenic spacer (ITS) sequencing as well as amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genomic fingerprinting. The results indicated that the O. compressus isolates belong to the Bradyrhizobium canariense species. The analysis of ITS sequences divided the branch of B. canariense strains into two statistically separated groups (ITS clusters I and II). All the strains in ITS cluster I showed the presence of unique oligonucleotide insert TTAGAGACTTAGGTTTCTK. This insert was neither found in other described species of the family Rhizobiaceae nor in any other bacterial families and can be used as a natural and high selective genetic marker for ITS cluster I of B. canariense strains. ITS grouping of O. compressus isolates was supported by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis of their AFLP patterns, suggesting that the strains of ITS cluster II were genetically closer to each other than to isolates from the ITS cluster I. A taxonomic importance is supposed of the revealed 19 bp ITS insert for an intraspecific division within high heterogeneous B. canariense species.     

地毯草的光合特性研究

地毯草是一种典型的暖季型草坪草。用Li 6400便携式光合分析仪测定地毯草的光合特性。地毯草的光合日进程呈单峰型,无"午休"现象且受非气孔限制,最大净光合速率出现在14∶00,变化趋势与光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(Ta)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等因子相同,与空气相对湿度(RH)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等相反;其光饱合点超过2000μmol.m 2s 1,最大净光合速率达22μmol.m 2s 1,暗呼吸速率为1.34μmol.m 2s 1,CO2补偿点为0.97μmol.mol 1,光补偿点为22.2μmol.m 2s 1,羧化效率为0.2539μmol.m 2s 1,表观光量子效率高达0.0592μmol.mol 1;表明地毯草是一种具有较强耐荫性的C4型阳性的暖季型草坪草,除了在园林中可以广泛用作草坪地被外还可以在一些较荫湿的特殊地带作为绿化和防护之用。