沙坡头人工固沙区的种子库动态

沙坡头人工固沙区的土壤种子库中共有４６种植物的种子,属于１７个科。其中菊科植物最多,达１１种;其次为藜科,７种;禾本科７种;豆科４种。既是现有植被组分种,其种子又存在于种子库中的,占总种数的３３．３％ 。油蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍ ｉｓｉａ ｏｒｄｏｓｉｃａ）、花棒（Ｈｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍ ｓｃｏｐａｒｉｕｍ ）和柠条（Ｃａｒａｇａｎａ ｋｏｒｓｈｉｎｓｋｉｉ）的种子产量为５４５±６７６．７３粒／ｍ ２、６．６７±１３．７４粒／ｍ ２、０．０３２±２．４３×１０－ ３粒／ｍ ２。油蒿在植株上成熟时不受虫害,而花棒、柠条的种子受害比例分别为３１．９２％ 和８３．２９％ 。在最适埋藏深度下,油蒿、柠条、花棒种子的累积发芽率分别可达７８．３％ 、８５．０％ 和６６．７％ ;萌发速度：油蒿＞ 柠条＞ 花棒。根据种子库动态分析和植被调查结果可初步预测：沙坡头人工固沙植被的演替趋向将是灌木以油蒿为主,草本以雾冰藜（Ｂａｓｓｉａ ｄａｓｙｐｈｙｌｌａ）、小画眉草（Ｅｒａｇｒｏｓｔｉｓｐｏａｅｏｉｄｅｓ）为主的群落     

西瓜DUS测试标准品种SSR指纹图谱构建及应用

本研究采用代表最大限度西瓜遗传多样性的SSR核心引物组合,分析了西瓜DUS测试指南中的24份标准品种遗传多样性与核酸指纹。以基于重测序获得的SNP标记构建的17份西瓜材料的系统发育树为参照,对24份标准品种进行了遗传多样性分析,在遗传相似系数0.80处将24份标准品种分为3大类群,分析表明：核酸指纹分类比传统形态学分类更为准确。采用二维（QR）编码构建了西瓜24份标准品种的SSR指纹图谱,并利用本技术以保护品种“京欣2号”与对照品种“京欣1号”为例,进行了DUS分子鉴定测试,共扩增32个SSR位点,“京欣1号”和“京欣2号”之间存在4个位点的差异,品种间遗传相似系数为0.89,比形态学鉴定的差异位点更多且更准。本研究建立的西瓜DUS标准品种SSR指纹图谱与分子检测技术,可以应用到西瓜品种DUS分子检测实践,同时也为西瓜品种纯度与真实性鉴定及遗传背景分析提供了技术方案。     

降纤酶与尼莫地平治疗脑梗死的疗效比较

目的 观察纤纤酶对急性脑梗死患者血浆纤维蛋白原的变化,探讨溶栓与一般离梗死的临床效果。方法 治疗组静脉滴注降纤酶,对组一胸脉滴注尼莫地平。两组分别于用药前,治疗第1天、第7天、第14天测定纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、肝肾功能、神经功能缺损评分及头颅CT。治疗14天进行疗效评定。结果 治疗组治疗前后比较血浆纤维蛋白原明显降低,对照组无明显变化,两组治疗前后比较凝血酶原时间均延长,组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.025）。结论 降纤酶对血浆纤维蛋白原有明显降低作用,可起到直接溶解和预防血栓形成,是治疗和预防脑梗死的有效药物。     

原虫穴螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲: 虫穴螨科)

记述原虫穴螨属1新种长白原虫穴螨Prozercon changbaiensis, sp. nov..该属为我国首次记录.模式标本保存于辽宁省沈阳农业大学植物保护学院.     

睡莲科三属植物叶的比较解剖学研究

报道了睡莲科的睡莲属、莼菜属和萍蓬草属三属植物叶的比较解剖学特征。结果表明,莼菜属叶柄仅具一个维管束,其余二个属均有数个维管束,且维管束为有限的、星散排列,这一特征与单子叶植物的很相似;叶柄基本组织中,除萍蓬草属无气道外,其它两个属均有气道;在睡莲属和萍蓬草属中存在星状石细胞,而莼菜属中则无此细胞;莼菜属和萍蓬草属具腺毛,睡莲属无腺毛。由于睡莲科此三属植物叶的解剖学特点存在很大的差异,因此认为睡莲科的这三属可能来源于不同的祖先,因此建议将莼菜属和萍蓬草属从睡莲科中分离出来。分别独立为莼菜科和萍蓬草科。     

转基因欧洲黑杨中Bt基因表达特性的研究

利用PCR检测了转基因欧洲黑杨当代和杂交后代群体 ,外源Bt基因在 7年生的转基因欧洲黑杨 1 4个无性系中稳定存在 ,Bt基因在杂交后代中分离比例为 1∶1。转基因欧洲黑杨作母本进行杂交时有落花、落果现象 ,可能是基因改造影响了它们的某些生理功能。     

小麦不同部位组织中镧和其它元素分布的X—射线能谱分析

利用电镜制片技术使进入小麦幼苗的镧离子沉积在原有位置,采用扫描电镜与能谱分析相结合的方法进行研究,结果显示,进入植物体中的镧离子多数积累在根尖细胞壁上,只有少量积累在伸长区皮层细胞壁和叶肉细胞壁上。细胞质中未检测到。表明镧离子只沿细胞壁和壁以外途径传递和分布     

菠菜叶片类囊体膜上K^＋通道的直接测定及其离子选择性

将经蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化的菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｅａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｌ．） 叶片类囊体膜微囊泡嵌入平面脂双层（ｐｌａｎａｒ ｌｉｐｉｄ ｂｉｌａｙｅｒｓ）,至少检测到一种Ｋ＋ 单通道信号, 其电导约为５５ ｐＳ,具有电压依赖特性,对ＴＥＡ（ｔｅｔｒａｅｔｈｙｌａｍ ｍ ｏｎｉｕｍ ｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ）敏感,这一通道的ＰＫ＋ ／ＰＣｌ－ 通透比约为１４．９。离子通道的选择性可以在对称的离子条件下测定不同离子的电导,或者在双离子条件下测定反转电位确定,其对单价阳离子的选择顺序为：Ｋ＋ ＞ Ｎａ＋ ＞ Ｌｉ＋ ＞ ＮＨ＋４ ＞ Ｃｓ＋ 。     

RELEVANCE OF PLANT VOLATILES TO SEX PHERO‐MONE IN LURING APHIDS IN THE FIELD1

Abstract Outdoor trials were made to test the responses of male aphids to pheromone lures in fields with different host‐plants, in order to know whether host‐plants would affect catches of males to pheromone lures. In peach orchard, males of three aphid species, i.e. Myzus persicae, Hyalopterus amygdali and Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, were found in traps baited with aphid sex pheromone nepetalactone and nepetalactol. The most numerous numbers was M, persicae and it was also attracted by plant‐derived nepetalactone alone in peach orchard and cabbage garden. Schizaphis graminum males were caught in water traps in wheat field. In apple orchard, males of two aphid species, Aphis cifricola and Sappaphis sinipiricola were caught in significantly larger numbers in the pheromone traps than in the control traps. Field study indicated that the sex pheromone of H. amygduli comprises either one or both of nepetalactone and nepetalactol, and nepetalactone may be one component of sex pheromones of A cifricola and S sinipiricola Another field trial had shown that catches were increased if volatiles from a steam‐distilled extract of peach leaves were released simultaneously with nepetalactone. Elec‐troantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from males of M. persicae to volatiles of peach leaves and buds.     

Morphology of Nyctotheroides hubeiensis Li et al. 1998 from Frog Hosts with Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Clevelandellid Ciliates (Armophorea,Clevelandellida)

The morphology of Nyctotheroides hubeiensis (Acta Hydrobiol. Sin. 1998, 22(suppl.):187), collected from the rectum of Phelophylax nigromaculatus, is presented in this paper based on detailed morphological information and molecular data. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that N. hubeiensis fell into the Nyctotheroides clade, which was strongly supported as monophyletic and clustered as basal to the genera Nyctotherus and Clevelandella. Also, the monophyly of the Order Clevelandellida and the affinity of parasitic nyctotherids and free‐living metopids were indicated in our work. The origin of clevelandellid ciliates as well as their possible evolutionary history was also discussed here; however, the analysis of more species from other vertebrate hosts (fish, reptiles) should be made before a well‐supported conclusion can be drawn.