新疆阿克苏地区一株羊源沙门菌及其小菌落变异株的生物学特性

【背景】小菌落变异株(smallcolonyvariant,SCV)是一种具有独特的表型及致病特征且生长缓慢的细菌亚群,而国内鲜有关于食源性沙门菌SCV的研究报道。【目的】为食源性沙门菌的防治及动物性食品安全提供实验数据。【方法】使用氨基糖苷类抗生素对羊源胆汁中分离的沙门菌进行实验室诱导得到SCV,然后分别对野生株和诱导株的菌落形态、生长、生化特性、营养缺陷型检测、运动性、耐药性检测及耐药基因、毒力基因、生物被膜形成能力进行比较和分析。【结果】经卡那霉素诱导获得一株血红素依赖型沙门菌SCV,与野生株相比,诱导株生长缓慢,低于野生株84%,不利用柠檬酸盐,溶血能力增强40%,对磺胺类和氨基糖苷类药物的耐受性增强,生物被膜形成能力减弱45%,运动能力减弱78%。【结论】沙门菌SCV的生长和生理生化特性与野生株相比有显著差异,使得沙门菌SCV的分离鉴定尤为困难;并且SCV的致病性与耐药性等方面的变化可能给沙门菌病的防治带来更大挑战,其机制还有待深入研究。     

复方泛影葡胺速率区带密度梯度离心法纯化衣原体

目的利用速率区带密度梯度离心法建立纯化高纯度、高感染力衣原体的方法。方法采用HeLa229细胞扩增衣原体,制作含有大量衣原体的细胞裂解液,以国产复方泛影葡胺作为介质,利用速率区带密度梯度离心法纯化衣原体,负染纯化产物后使用透射电镜观察形态,并将纯化产物感染HeLa229细胞,测定纯化产物的感染力。结果在透射电镜下观察,证实纯化产物为直径300 nm左右的高纯度原体。纯化产物的感染力为8.62×10~8 IFU/mL,证实该纯化产物具有高感染力。结论通过复方泛影葡胺速率区带密度梯度离心法,可获得高纯度、高感染力的衣原体,为开展衣原体感染机制、免疫反应等研究提供了有效而可靠的保证。     

Integration of high-throughput analytics and cell imaging enables direct early productivity and product quality assessment during Chinese Hamster ovary cell line development for a complex multi-subunit vaccine antigen

Mammalian cell line generation typically includes stable pool generation, single cell cloning and several rounds of clone selection based on cell growth, productivity and product quality criteria. Individual clone expansion and phenotype-based ranking is performed initially for hundreds or thousands of mini-scale cultures, representing the major operational challenge during cell line development. Automated cell culture and analytics systems have been developed to enable high complexity clone selection workflows; while ensuring traceability, safety, and quality of cell lines intended for biopharmaceutical applications. Here we show that comprehensive and quantitative assessment of cell growth, productivity, and product quality attributes are feasible at the 200–1,200 cell colony stage, within 14 days of the single cell cloning in static 96-well plate culture. The early cell line characterization performed prior to the clone expansion in suspension culture can be used for a single-step, direct selection of high quality clones. Such clones were comparable, both in terms of productivity and critical quality attributes (CQAs), to the top-ranked clones identified using an established iterative clone screening approach. Using a complex, multi-subunit antigen as a model protein, we observed stable CQA profiles independently of the cell culture format during the clonal expansion as well as in the batch and fed-batch processes. In conclusion, we propose an accelerated clone selection approach that can be readily incorporated into various cell line development workstreams, leading to significant reduction of the project timelines and resource requirements.     

Erianin induces triple-negative breast cancer cells apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt pathway

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory subtype of breast cancer, 25–30% of which have dysregulation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study investigated the anticancer effect of erianin on TNBC cell line and its underlying mechanism.Methods: After treatment with erianin, MTT assay was employed to determine the MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cell proliferation, the nucleus morphological changes were observed by DAPI staining. The cell cycle and apoptotic proportion were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expression and PI3K pathways. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of erianin was further confirmed by adding or not adding PI3K agonists SC79.Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cells in a dose-dependent manner, the IC₅₀ were 70.96 and 78.58 nM, respectively. Erianin could cause cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase, and the expressions of p21 and p27 were up-regulated, while the expressions of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were down-regulated. Erianin also induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, with the up-regulation of the expression of Cyto C, PARP, Bax, active form of Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were down-regulated by erianin. After co-incubation with SC79, the cell inhibition rate of erianin was decreased, which further confirmed that the attenuated PI3K/Akt pathway was relevant to the pro-apoptotic effect of erianin.Conclusions: Erianin can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may ascribe to the abolish the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates CKD‐associated vascular calcification by inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

Vascular calcification (VC) is a pathological process underpinning major cardiovascular conditions and has attracted public attention due to its high morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease related to VC. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) has been reported to protect the cardiovascular system against vascular diseases, yet its role in VC and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a CKD‐associated VC rat model and a β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP)‐induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification model to investigate the effects of Rb1 on VC. Our results demonstrated that Rb1 ameliorated calcium deposition and VSMC osteogenic transdifferentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Rb1 treatment inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), and confocal microscopy was used to show that Rb1 inhibited β‐catenin nuclear translocation in VSMCs. Furthermore, SKL2001, an agonist of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, compromised the vascular protective effect of Rb1. GW9662, a PPAR‐γ antagonist, reversed Rb1's inhibitory effect on β‐catenin. These results indicate that Rb1 exerted anticalcific properties through PPAR‐γ/Wnt/β‐catenin axis, which provides new insights into the potential theraputics of VC.     

峨眉山与黄山藏酋猴肠道菌群组成的比较

峨眉山和黄山都是我国著名的藏酋猴Macaca thibetana生态旅游地,对两地藏酋猴肠道微生物群落结构的比较研究,有助于了解不同生境、不同旅游管理方式对野生灵长类动物的影响。本研究对峨眉山藏酋猴M. t.thibetana肠道微生物16S rRNA基因进行测序,并与黄山藏酋猴M. t. huangshanensis肠道微生物的群落结构进行了比较。结果显示,两地藏酋猴肠道菌群有大量共有的可操作分类单元,而群落组成和多样性方面存在较大差异。峨眉山藏酋猴肠道菌群的优势门类为厚壁菌门Firmicutes(69. 04%±11. 81%)、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(21. 59%±10. 05%)和放线菌门Actinobacteria (2. 73%±2. 17%);黄山藏酋猴为厚壁菌门(46. 34%±8. 15%)、拟杆菌门(36. 75%±6. 38%)和变形菌门Proteobacteria(14. 91%±8. 06%)。在属级水平上,峨眉山藏酋猴肠道丰度最高的为颤螺菌属Oscillospira(23. 49%±16. 63%),黄山藏酋猴为普氏菌属Prevotella(36. 35%±9. 15%)。在群落多样性方面,黄山藏酋猴α多样性指数显著低于峨眉山,且两者的菌群结构也产生了显著分化。PICRUSt功能富集分析显示,峨眉山藏酋猴在脂类代谢、外源化学物的降解与代谢等通路显著富集,而黄山藏酋猴在多糖的合成与代谢等通路显著富集。研究还发现峨眉山藏酋猴肠道存在一定丰度的传染性致病菌,这可能与峨眉山的生态旅游有关。     

副溶血弧菌CHY5-M1M噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

副溶血弧菌引起的疾病给水产养殖行业带来巨大损失,而随着抗生素的禁用,人们开始探索治疗水产动物病菌的新型方法,如噬菌体治疗法。从青岛市城阳水产品批发市场采集了15份海产品养殖水及下水道污水样品,以副溶血弧菌作为宿主菌,采用点滴法分离纯化获得12株副溶血弧菌噬菌体,通过双层平板法研究副溶血弧菌噬菌体CHY5-M1M的最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、温度和pH的稳定性以及对紫外线的敏感度等生物学特性。结果显示,CHY5-M1M噬菌体效价为8.65×10¹³ CFU·mL^-1,且在100感染复数时效价最高;一步生长曲线的潜伏期为20 min,裂解时长100 min,140 min后达到平稳期;噬菌体在温度为40 ℃时效价最高,高于60 ℃时活性开始下降;噬菌体pH适应范围为5~11;噬菌体浓度随紫外照射时间增加明显下降;噬菌体基因组共43 193 bp,包含44个基因,无毒力因子基因和抗生素耐药基因。研究结果表明,噬菌体CHY5-M1M在开发新型抗弧菌药物、预防治疗严重海水动物弧菌病等方面具有良好的应用前景,有望作为未来的抗生素替代产品。     

Genome-wide comparative analysis of DNAJ genes and their co-expression patterns with HSP70s in aestivation of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Functional & Integrative Genomics - DNAJ proteins function as co-chaperones of HSP70 and play key roles in cell physiology to promote protein folding and degradation, especially under...