Emericella appendiculata, a new species from Chinese soil

Emericella appendiculata, a new species isolated from soil of the Pamire Plateau, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by grayish green non-ostiolate ascomata surrounded by a thick layer of hülle cells, membranaceous peridium, prototunicate asci, violet-brown, lenticular ascospores which are ornamented by two stellate equatorial crests, capitate convex surfaces, and long filiform appendages, and anAspergillus anamorph with biseriate conidiogenous cells.     

Time-course changes in potential biomarkers detected using a metabonomic approach in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats

A metabonomic approach based on complementary hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry and time-course analysis of metabolites was implemented to find more reliable potential biomarkers in urine of Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. A major challenge in metabonomics is distinguishing reliable biomarkers that are closely associated with the genesis and progression of diseases from those that are unrelated but altered significantly. In this study, these biomarkers were selected according to the change trends of discriminating metabolites during the genesis and progression of cancer. Seven consecutive batches of urine samples from preinoculation to 16 days after were collected and analyzed. Multivariate analysis revealed 87 discriminating metabolites. Time-course analysis of discriminating metabolites was used to select more reliable biomarkers with regular and reasonable change trends. Finally, 47 were found and 15 were identified including 12 carnitine derivatives, 2 amino acid derivatives, 1 nucleoside. On the basis of time-course behaviors of these potential biomarkers, we hypothesize such disruption might result from elevated cell proliferation, reduced β-oxidation of fatty acids, and poor renal tubular reabsorption. These studies demonstrate that this method can help to find more reliable potential biomarkers and provide valuable biochemical insights into metabolic alterations in tumor-bearing biosystems.     

Nine Complete Genome Sequences of Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Isolated from Healthy Skin of Individuals Living in Rural He Nan Province,China

Nine novel human papillomavirus (HPV) types were isolated from healthy skin of individuals in rural Anyang, China. All of these isolates belong to the genus Gammapapillomavirus. These data will provide us with useful information for a better understanding of PV evolution and the relationship of PV with the host.     

菊苣基生叶中总黄酮提取工艺的研究

采用分光光度法,以亚硝酸钠、硝酸铝、氢氧化钠为试剂,芦丁为对照品,乙醇回流提取菊苣基生叶中总黄酮.在提取过程中,通过单因素实验分析了乙醇浓度、回流温度、回流时间及料液比等4个主要因素对提取率的影响.在单因素的基础上,通过正交实验,得到最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为70%,料液比1:40,回流温度80℃,回流时间为2h.实验结果可靠,方法简便,最佳条件适合批量生产中该药材的提取.     

Age-related changes on marking, marking-like behavior and the scent gland in adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Marking behavior, marking-like behavior [3], and changes of the scent glands were observed in aged Mongolian gerbils. In Experiment 1, changes in the marking and marking-like behavior with aging were evaluated in adult male and female Mongolian gerbils of an inbred strain aged 6 to 36 months. The frequency of marking behavior in males was significantly higher than females throughout the observation period except at 36 months of age. On the other hand, frequency of marking-like behavior in males, but not in females decreased with aging, significantly. In Experiment 2, changes of the scent gland in adult males and females aged 6 to 36 months were morphologically evaluated. Macroscopic examination revealed an increase in the size length and width of the glands of males aged 12 months and females aged 6 months. Histologically the glands of all the males and females aged 6 months developed moderately or well. Some of the 12-month-old males and females showed acinar atrophy of the glands, and all the females aged 18 months or more had highly atrophied scent glands. From these results, we concluded that there is no relationship between the changes of marking behavior and those of the scent glands in aged male Mongolian gerbils, and assume that marking behavior in aged animals does not have an important meaning as marking. In Experiment 3, marking and marking-like behavior in castrated adult Mongolian gerbils aged 16 weeks were observed. The result showed that marking behavior, not marking-like behavior was inhibited after castration. From these findings, we consider that generally marking behavior in Mongolian gerbils consists of androgen-dependent marking behavior and androgen-independent marking behavior (marking-like behavior).     

我国螨类研究的最新进展

螨类是一种对人类危害极其严重的小型节肢动物,不论从人的健康方面还是农牧林生产方面来说都需要防治及至根除。主要钛螨类的形态特征、生活史、生态类群、对人类的危害及其防治等5个方面简述了我国螨类研究的最新研究进展概况。     

Identification of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa based on large subunit ribosomal DNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis

The nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA for 76 strains of 46 species of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa were determined. Intra-species sequence diversity of medically important dematiaceous fungi including Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compacta, Cladophialophora carrionii, Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, Exophiala jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, Exophiala moniliae, and Hortaea werneckii were extremely small; as few as 0 changes were detected in C. bantiana, Fonsecaea and Exophiala species, 1 bp in C. carrionii and H. werneckii, and 2 bp in P. verrucosa. Inter-species nucleotide diversity between most species was higher. These data suggested that the D1/D2 domain is sufficiently variable for identification of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and relevant species. The phylogenetic trees constructed from the sequence data revealed that most human pathogenic species formed a single cluster and that Cladosporium and Phialophora species were distributed polyphyletically into several clusters.     

新疆地区白念珠菌基因型分析及其体外药物敏感性研究

目的研究新疆地区汉族和维吾尔族患者来源的50株白念珠菌的基因型及其对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、米卡芬净、伊曲康唑、氟康唑和咪康唑的体外敏感性。方法采用PCR法扩增白念珠菌rDNA 25S的Ⅰ类内含子包含区,根据扩增产物的大小判断基因型(A型为450 bp,B型为840 bp,C型为450 bp和840 bp)。采用CLSI M27-A液基微量稀释法测定50株白念珠菌对上述6种抗真菌药的体外敏感性。结果 50株菌分为3种基因型:A型30株,B型和C型各10株。所有菌株对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、米卡芬净和咪康唑的MIC值较低,MIC范围依次为0.25～0.5μg/mL,0.125～0.5μg/mL,≤0.03μg/mL,0.25～8μg/mL;对伊曲康唑和氟康唑的MIC值较高,MIC范围分别为0.25～8μg/mL,0.5～64μg/mL。B型和C型对5-氟胞嘧啶的MIC值均为0.125μg/mL,对伊曲康唑和氟康唑的耐药率分别为84%、70%。不同族别来源的菌株基因型比较无显著差异(P>0.05),不同基因型菌株的抗真菌药物敏感性比较也无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论新疆地区白念珠菌分A,B,C三种基因型。汉...     

Microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 6-aminobutylphthalide and its main metabolite in the brains of awake freely-moving rats

6-Aminobutylphthalide (ABP) is a new drug candidate which is currently being developed for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ABP were studied using in situ microdialysis sampling in the brains of awake freely-moving rats. Two LC-MS/MS methods were used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of microdialysate. For comparison and confirmation, brain tissue samples were also analyzed by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS. The results described provide more authentic information in pharmacokinetics and metabolism at the site of action by using the coupling of microdialysis to LC-MS/MS technique than the traditional sampling methods.     

Aspergillus takadae,a novel heterothallic species of Aspergillus section Fumigati isolated from soil in China

Aspergillus takadae is characterized by its heterothallic reproduction, pale yellow cleistothecia, broadly lenticular ascospores with two short equatorial crests and smooth convex surfaces, and broadly ellipsoidal to ovate conidia with a smooth wall. The validation of these novel species is supported further by the analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin, actin, and RPB2 sequences. In addition, the phylogenetic tree and DDBJ accession numbers of all the species of Aspergillus section Fumigati are presented. We report on the crossing of A. takadae species and the result of crossing A. takadae with a closely related species, A. spathulatus.