Prenatal diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome and literature review

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic genetic disorder usually caused by mosaicism of an extra isochromosome of 12p (i(12p)). This retrospective study analysed the prenatal ultrasound manifestations and molecular and cytogenetic results of five PKS foetuses. Samples of amniotic fluid and/or cord blood, skin biopsy and placenta were collected. Conventional karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) were performed on all the amniotic fluid or cord blood samples. Copy number variants sequencing (CNV-seq) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also used for the validation for one foetus. All the five foetuses were from pregnancies with advanced parental age. Two foetuses involved structural abnormalities and one foetus had only soft markers, all of which included increased nuchal translucency. The rest two foetuses had normal ultrasounds in the second trimester, which has rarely been reported before. The karyotype revealed typical i(12p) in four cases and a small supernumerary marker chromosome consisting of 12p and 20p in the remaining one case. The proportion of cells with i(12p) ranged from 0 to 100% in cultural cells, while SNP array results suggested 2−4 copies of 12p. For one foetus, metaphase FISH showed normal results, but the interphase FISH suggested cell lines with two, three and four copies of 12p in the amniotic fluid. Advanced parental age may be an important risk factor for PKS, and there were no typical ultrasound manifestations related to PKS. A combination of karyotype analysis and molecular diagnosis is an effective method for the diagnosis of PKS.     

兔小脑延髓池注射纳洛酮对刺激肾神经传入纤维血压效应的影响

本文目的在于用小脑延髓池注射(Ict)受体阻断剂的方法,观察低位脑干阿片样受体与α肾上腺素受体对刺激肾神经传入纤维和主动脉神经降压效应的影响。实验在戊巴比妥钠麻醉兔中进行。Ict人工脑脊液(CSF)对刺激肾神经传入纤维和主动脉神经的降压反应均无明显影响。Ict 550nmol纳洛酮可显著抑制刺激肾神经传入纤维的降压效应,但能明显增强刺激主动脉神经的降压效应。Ict酚妥拉明可显著抑制刺激肾神经传入纤维和主动脉神经的降压效应。Ict纳洛酮可逆转酚妥拉明对刺激主动脉神经的降压效应的抑制,但不影响酚妥拉明对刺激肾神经传入纤维的降压效应的抑制。Ict纳洛酮和酚妥拉明都不影响刺激肾神经传入纤维降压反应与主动脉压力感受性反射的抑制性相互作用。Ict酚妥拉明使MAP显著下降;纳洛酮不影响MAP,但可逆转酚妥拉明降低MAP的作用。上述结果提示,激动低位脑干的阿片样受体可增强刺激肾神经传入纤维的降压作用,减弱刺激主动脉神经的降压作用,激动α肾上腺素受体可增强刺激肾神经传入纤维和主动脉神经的降压反应     

海州湾近岸海域的微生物群落结构和抗生素抗性基因时空变化

【背景】近岸海域抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)的污染和累积将直接影响海产品质量和安全,海州湾作为江苏省的四大渔场之一,是江苏渔业发展的主要载体,有多条大小河流注入,沿岸为重要农业区,对公众健康产生重大影响。【目的】对海州湾夏秋季的水样及沉积物展开微生物及ARGs检测。【方法】基于宏基因组测序技术开展海州湾夏秋两季近岸6个站点中水体和沉积物中ARGs种类和相对丰度以及微生物群落的组成研究。【结果】变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是夏秋季度两种介质中最优势的门类,水样中优势的科级细菌为红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae),沉积物样品中为脱硫杆菌科(Desulfobacteraceae);夏季水样中的ARGs相对丰度要明显高于秋季,但沉积物中不同季节的ARGs相对丰度未表现出明显的变化趋势;在水样中主要门级微生物群落的抗性机制主要是抗生素靶位替换和抗生素靶位保护,沉积物样品则以抗生素灭活机制为主,而主要科级微生物群落的抗性机制更加多样;冗余分析(redundancyanalysis...     

固相萃取与气相色谱⁃质谱法联用测定食用植物油和含脂肪食品中氯丙醇酯的方法验证研究

氯丙醇酯是国际上广泛关注的食品加工过程污染物,其水解产物氯丙醇对人体（特别是婴幼儿）危害风险较大。采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用技术,对食用植物油和含脂食品中的氯丙醇酯[3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯（简称3-MCPD酯）和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯（简称2-MCPD酯）]进行检测。该方法准确度高（3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的平均回收率分别为98.9%和96.5%)、灵敏度高(3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的检出限分别为0.042 mg·kg^-1和0.058 mg·kg^-1)、重现性好(相对标准偏差均低于5%)。76批次监测样品中,3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的含量分别为0.042~4.865 mg·kg^-1(平均值为0.773 mg·kg^-1)和0.058~2.592 mg·kg^-1(平均值为0.469 mg·kg^-1)。经机构间的协同验证和英国FAPAS样的能力验证,2种氯丙醇酯在0.200~3.000 mg·kg^-1范围内线性良好,为进一步研究奠定了基础,同时也为食品加工企业严格控制生产过程建立了一种可行的检测方法。     

近年来赣中地区三化螟为害的情势和防治措施

三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas Walker)在赣中地区每年发生 4代,如 9月下旬至 10月上旬气温偏高(日平均气温22℃以上)则有不完整的第5代。山区则有3代幼虫过冬现象。一般1、3代为害造成枯心苗,2、4代为害造成白穗。以混栽区或纯双季稻地区发生数量大,为害严重,而单季早、中、晚稻为主地区,因其发生前后期缺乏充足食料,故发生数量小,为害亦轻。现就赣中地区近年来三化螟发生的情势及防治技术措施提出讨论如下。     

Tau inhibits PKA by nuclear proteasome‐dependent PKAR2α elevation with suppressed CREB/GluA1 phosphorylation

Intraneuronal accumulation of wild‐type tau plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease, while the mechanisms underlying tauopathy and memory impairment remain unclear. Here, we report that overexpressing full‐length wild‐type human tau (hTau) in mouse hippocampus induces learning and memory deficits with remarkably reduced levels of multiple synapse‐ and memory‐associated proteins. Overexpressing hTau inhibits the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and decreases the phosphorylation level of cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), GluA1, and TrkB with reduced BDNF mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Simultaneously, overexpressing hTau increased PKAR2α (an inhibitory subunit of PKA) in nuclear fraction and inactivated proteasome activity. With an increased association of PKAR2α with PA28γ (a nuclear proteasome activator), the formation of PA28γ‐20S proteasome complex remarkably decreased in the nuclear fraction, followed by a reduced interaction of PKAR2α with 20S proteasome. Both downregulating PKAR2α by shRNA and upregulating proteasome by expressing PA28γ rescued hTau‐induced PKA inhibition and CREB dephosphorylation, and upregulating PKA improved hTau‐induced cognitive deficits in mice. Together, these data reveal that intracellular tau accumulation induces synapse and memory impairments by inhibiting PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PKA/GluA1 signaling, and deficit of PA28γ‐20S proteasome complex formation contributes to PKAR2α elevation and PKA inhibition.     

叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯微型薯生长及产量的影响

以‘云薯505’马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum ‘Yunshu 505’)为材料,测定马铃薯块茎发育初期四个阶段茉莉酸含量,并以叶面喷施方式,研究茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯生长和块茎产量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯块茎膨大过程中,茉莉酸的积累水平不断升高。在微型薯生产中,使用100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯在结薯期以不同频率喷施叶面,测量并统计植株、块茎性状及产量变化。结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,1次·d^-1处理茎粗增加36.1%,2次·d^-1处理的叶绿素含量降低20.1%。此外,植株的叶色、茎色、花色、株型等生长性状及块茎大小整齐度、薯形、皮色、肉色、薯皮类型、芽眼深浅、裂薯率、大薯空心率等块茎性状在各组间没有显著差异。2次·d^-1、1次·d^-1、1次·2d^-1、CK四种处理的植株存活率分别为45.57%、100.00%、100.00%、87.29%;前三种喷施频率处理折合产量较CK分别增加-15.61%、8.77%、12.11%。综合分析,马铃薯在块茎形成初期茉莉酸积累水平不断升高,以1次·2d^-1频率叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯,马铃薯微型薯的产量增加最大且不影响生长。