This is the first report of a comprehensive ecological investigation of AMF symbiosis in banana over a very broad zone of its commercial cultivation, South India. The AMF characteristics in relation to specific banana varieties, soils and seasons are carried out. This baseline data has global use for mycorrhizal applications in the crop. Spore density and percentage root colonization in relation to soil fertility parameters, seasons and soil series, along with other ecological parameters are assessed as per standard methods. Altogether 14 different AMF species of 13 different banana varieties, in terms of spore density and percentage colonization from 47 different soil series of South India are discovered. Among the 14 AMF species observed, Dentiscutata nigra is a new report in banana. Shannon’s diversity index and Simpson’s index over seasons are measured. Evenness in AM fungal population in banana fields in the monsoon was higher than that of summer. Presence of over 30% AMF root colonization in majority of banana varieties revealed its significance in the crop. 相似文献
This work characterized the binding of an RNA aptamer recognizing hen egg white lysozyme, as well as a literature-reported single-stranded DNA analog of sequence identical to the original RNA aptamer, using fluorescence anisotropy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and analytical ultracentrifugation. The polyanionic DNA aptamer analog is selective for lysozyme even over cationic cytochrome c and has been reported to be successfully used in biosensing applications. The association however, is predominantly of electrostatic character, strongly salt-sensitive and entropically-driven, in contrast to previously described enthalpically-driven antibody-lysozyme and DNA aptamer-VEGF interactions. With a moderate selectivity for their target, high salt-sensitivity along with fast association and dissociation behavior, these molecules might serve as pseudo-affinity ligands for biomolecular separations. 相似文献
The cyanide-degrading fungusRhizopus oryzae associated with post-harvest spoilage of cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) oxidized S0 to S2O32−, S4O62− and SO42− in culture and when grown in autoclaved soil amended with S0. Oxidation of sulfur was associated with rhodanese activity of the fungus. 相似文献
We present a geochemical record of a 113.6-cm sediment core (LPT V) from Lagoa da Pata, which is located in the forested upper Rio Negro basin. The record reveals significant changes in the environmental history of Amazonia during the late Quaternary. The results of biogeochemical analyses revealed three hydrological and climatic regimes from 50,000 to 10,000 cal yr BP. The first phase, between 50,000 and 26,300 cal yr BP, was characterized by a relatively wet climate as suggested by relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) and chlorophyll derivate concentrations, indicating high productivity linked to a high lake level. A decrease of the TOC and chlorophyll derivate accumulation rates between 43,100 cal yr BP and 26,300 cal yr BP marks a decrease in the productivity linked to a reduced lake level, indicating a decrease in moisture at the end of this phase. The second phase, between 26,300 and 15,300 cal yr BP, was characterized by a decrease in productivity, reaching a minimum at 21,950 cal yr BP, as indicated by a minima in sedimentary chlorophyll and TOC accumulation rates. Values of δ13C increased by 5‰ in relation to the preceding phase, indicating an influence of the C4 organic matter. High iron concentrations and accumulation rates, related to intense erosion of the lateritic crust in the watershed, were observed. All of the observations indicate a dry phase during this period. A third phase, from approximately 15,300 to 10,000 cal yr BP, was characterized by an increase in lacustrine productivity, as shown by an increased in TOC and chlorophyll derivate concentrations and accumulation rates. These increases likely correspond to a lake level rise due to a wetter climate. 相似文献
In transparent conducting oxide films, tuning of plasmonic resonance is directly controlled by free electron concentration and thus by activated dopants. In this study, large area AlxInyZn1-x-yO thin films at various concentrations were prepared by spray coating using water as a solvent. The effect of Al/In dopant ratio on the structural, electrical, optical, and plasmonic properties was investigated. Tuning of optical response to a well-defined plasmon resonance is correlated to the above properties of AlxInyZn1-x-yO films. Theoretical fitting based on the Drude-Lorentz (D-L) theory was utilized for extracting the dielectric spectra and cross-over wavelength (ωc). The studies revealed plasmonic properties in NIR for the films with Al/In ratios of A5I5, A2.5I7.5, and A0I10, indicating In as the most activated dopant. Surface plasmon mode simulated using the extracted permittivity values showed the influence of mobility of these films on the broadening of the dip. The minimum plasmonic loss suggests the suitability as an alternative plasmonic material in the near infrared.