Tongxinluo Protects against Hypertensive Kidney Injury in Spontaneously-Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Activating Forkhead Box O1 Signaling

Hypertension is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic renal failure, and oxidative stress plays a critical role in hypertensive renal damage. Forkbox O1(FoxO1) signaling protects cells against oxidative stress and may be a useful target for treating oxidative stress-induced hypertension. Tongxinluo is a traditional Chinese medicine with cardioprotective and renoprotective functions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Tongxinluo in hypertensive renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs)and elucidate the possible involvement of oxidative stress and FoxO1 signaling in its molecular mechanisms. SHRs treated with Tongxinluo for 12 weeks showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure. In addition to increasing creatinine clearance, Tongxinluo decreased urinary albumin excretion, oxidative stress injury markers including malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits and its activity in SHR kidneys. While decreasing phosphorylation of FoxO1, Tongxinluo also inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38 and enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in SHR kidneys. Furthermore, histology revealed attenuation of glomerulosclerosis and renal podocyte injury, while Tongxinluo decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, extracellular matrixprotein, transforming growth factor β1 and small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3,and improved tubulointerstitial fibrosis in SHR kidneys. Finally, Tongxinluo inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration as well as expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In conclusion, Tongxinluo protected SHRs against hypertension-induced renal injury by exerting antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of these effects may involve inhibition of oxidative stress and functional activation of FoxO1 signaling.     

少数民族中医体质类型研究现状

中医体质学以人为研究对象,为了研究不同体质构成特点、演变规律、影响因素、分类标准,从而指导疾病的预防、诊治、康复与养生。目前关于生理和病理状态下的中医体质研究日益受到关注,因为对其研究符合中医”治未病”的理念,而关于少数民族的中医体质类型研究开展较少,但对少数民族之间和汉族之间中医体质的比较研究及与生活习惯,生活环境的联系将能更好地说明先天因素和后天环境对中医体质形成的影响。本文就这一领域的研究现状进行总结,对少数民族中医体质的研究一方面可为少数民族人群的疾病防治提供依据,另一方面有助于中医体质形成机理的阐明。     

已烯雌酚对免疫性卵巢早衰小鼠卵巢细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨已烯雌酚对免疫性卵巢早衰小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和卵母细胞凋亡的影响。方法以小鼠透明带3蛋白的第330～342个氨基酸的序列（NSSSSQFQIHGPR）合成透明带多肽并作免疫原,免疫SPF级BALB/c雌性小鼠。设对照、模型和已烯雌酚组。灌胃给药4周后,采用Tunel方法检测颗粒细胞与卵母细胞的细胞凋亡数并作统计学分析。结果已烯雌酚组可显著减少小鼠卵巢卵母细胞的凋亡率（P〈0.05）。结论已烯雌酚组能改善免疫性卵巢早衰小鼠体重降低症状并能诱导发情。已烯雌酚能改善免疫性卵巢早衰小鼠症状的机制可能是由于能有效地抑制卵母细胞的凋亡所引起的。     

Genetic mapping and salt tolerance of a novel <Emphasis Type="Italic">D1</Emphasis>-allelic mutant of rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

Plant height and grain shape are important traits that may affect yield in rice, and they therefore have enormous importance in breeding. A dwarf small-grain mutant (S525) was identified among progeny of the Indica rice restorer line ‘Xida 1B’ (wild type) raised from seeds treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. The dwarf and small-grain phenotypes were stably inherited after multi-generation selfing. Field-grown mutant plants showed the phenotypes of dwarfism, broad leaves, and small round grains. Genetic mapping and sequencing confirmed that S525 was a novel d1-allelic mutant. A single-base transition (G to A) in the functional dwarfism gene D1 at the conjunction site of the 11th intron caused excision or duplication of the 11th exon in the mRNA and resulted in translation of a defective G_α protein. The S525 showed enhanced salt tolerance compared with the wild type (WT), and the expression of genes associated with salt tolerance quantitatively increased in response to treatment with 200 mM NaCl. The S525 may be useful for future investigation of G_α functions and in the breeding of new dwarf rice cultivars.     

大鼠肾虚自然流产模型的建立及相关因子的表达

目的建立大鼠肾虚自然流产模型,研究模型蜕膜细胞因子、协同刺激因子表达。方法雌性大鼠20只,雄性大鼠10只。将雌鼠与雄鼠按2∶1合笼,以阴道涂片出现大量精子为妊娠第1天,随机分为对照组、模型组每天灌服羟基脲450 mg/kg,第8天灌服米非司酮3.75 mg/kg,建立肾虚模型;统计饮食量、饮水量、肾、卵巢、胚胎直径指数;RT-PCR检查Th1型/Th2型细胞因子mRNA表达;流式细胞检测协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达。结果模型组动物饮食量、饮水量、体重增加量与对照组比较,第8天差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;胚胎直径指数显著减少（P〈0.01）;平均流产率显著升高（P〈0.01）;TNF-α、IFN-γ表达显著升高（P〈0.05）,IL-4I、L-10表达显著升高（P〈0.05）;CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4显著性降低（P〈0.05）。结论灌服羟基脲与米非司酮可成功建立肾虚自然流产制模型。Th1型（TNF-αI、FN-γ）可能对妊娠有害,高表达有可能造成流产;Th2型（IL-4I、L-10）可能有利于妊娠,高表达维持妊娠。协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达与自然流产有关。     

SPF级封闭群SD大鼠血清生化值及凝血酶原时间值的测定

目的建立SPF级（屏障系统）封闭群SD大鼠血液生化及凝血酶原时间正常参考值,为药物长期毒性试验研究者提供参考。方法采用全自动血液生化分析仪检测19周和31周大鼠血液生化值,采用紫外可见分光光度计检测K＋、Na＋、Cl-值和凝血酶原时间值。结果取得19周和31周龄SD大鼠血清生化值和凝血酶原平均值。CR、TG、TC生化指标受年龄及性别因素影响,CR、TG、TC随年龄增长而逐步升高。TBIL、CR、TG、TC、CK、TP、BUN、ALB、AST、K＋、ALP指标雌雄间差异显著（P＆lt;0.05）。结论在药物长期毒性试验中,同一周龄雌、雄SD大鼠K＋、Cl-、Na＋、凝血酶原时间值可合并统计;雌、雄SD大鼠血液生化指标不宜合并统计。在比对正常参考值时应考虑到性别与年龄的因素。     

双向电泳和肽质量指纹谱技术鉴定支气管上皮细胞恶性转化相关蛋白质ANX1-human

采用 2 - D PAGE及质谱技术对α粒子照射诱发人支气管上皮恶性转化细胞的不同阶段进行了比较蛋白组分析与鉴定 .2 - D电泳后在分子量 1 4.4～ 94k D,等电点 3～ 1 0范围内分离出约 1 1 0 0个不同蛋白质斑点 .对等电点约 7,分子量约 40 k D的蛋白质点进行了质谱分析 .鉴定出分子量为38.58k D、等电点 6.64的蛋白质 ANX1 - human(脂皮质蛋白 ,lipocortin ) ,并且发现该蛋白质在BEP2 D细胞恶性转化过程的不同时期存在差异表达 .提示蛋白质 ANX1 - human参与了支气管上皮细胞恶性转化过程 ,与细胞恶性转化相关 .     

针对多效蛋白基因的小干扰RNA的设计及其稳定表达载体的构建

目的:设计多效蛋白基因特异性的小干扰RNA(siRNA),并构建一系列能在哺乳动物细胞内稳定表达这些siRNA的表达质粒,以便为在体外研究多效蛋白基因的功能打下基础。方法:设计并合成具有多效蛋白基因特异性的一组寡核苷酸片段,并克隆到pSilencer3.1-H1hygro载体;用脂质体LipofectAMINE2000转染和潮霉素筛选等方法建立能稳定表达相应siRNA的一组Pten-/-细胞克隆;利用Northern印迹检测这些细胞内多效蛋白基因的表达情况。结果:设计并构建了3个针对多效蛋白基因的siRNA表达质粒,并证明其中的1种质粒能在Pten-/-细胞内稳定表达相应的siRNA,并显著地抑制了该细胞多效蛋白基因的表达。结论:设计并构建出的针对多效蛋白基因的siRNA表达载体所表达的siRNA具有较强的RNA干涉功能,为多效蛋白基因的功能研究奠定了实验基础。     

海岛生态服务功能保护初探

生态系统是人类经济社会生存和发展的基础。海岛作为人类通向海洋的桥头堡,保护海岛及其周边海域生态系统,对于维护国家海洋权益,保障海防安全,发展海洋经济、保护海洋生态、构建和谐社会等具有重要战略意义。本文从介绍海岛生态系统功能特征及服务价值入手,分析了海岛生态系统服务功能受损的深层原因及对其带来的负面影响,并在此基础上,提出了摸清海岛生态资源状况、规范海岛开发秩序、实施海岛生态修复与整治工程,推进海岛保护区建设,加强海岛生态环境保护的科学研究与国际合作,以及多渠道获取海岛生态保护资金等方面策略,初步探讨了海岛生态服务功能的保护。