The CXCR1 tail mediates beta1 integrin-dependent cell migration via MAP kinase signaling

In this study, we examined how IL-8 induces leukocyte migration on major beta1 integrin ligands derived from the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. We assessed individual contributions of signaling by IL-8 receptors by transfection of CXCR1 and CXCR2 into rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and human monocytic THP-1 cells. CXCR1 expressing cells migrated on the fibronectin ligands for alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins in response to IL-8, whereas CXCR2 expressing cells did not. RBL cells expressing the chimeric CXCR1 receptor containing the cytoplasmic tail of CXCR2 had greatly blunted migration, while cells expressing the CXCR2 chimera with the tail of CXCR1 had augmented migration. Last, inhibitors of p38 and JNK MAP kinases blocked IL-8-induced migration in CXCR1+ cells. We conclude that IL-8 stimulated beta1 integrin-mediated leukocyte migration on fibronectin through CXCR1 is dependent on the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of CXCR1 and subsequent p38 and JNK MAPK signaling.     

Bacterioplankton interactions with Daphnia and algae in experimental enclosures

Development of bacterioplankton was studied by manipulation of planktivorous fish and/or nutrients in experimental enclosures in a fish pond. Grazing pressure exerted by large zooplankton (Daphnia galeata and Daphnia pulicaria) strongly influenced the counts and size distribution of bacterial populations. Morphometric analyses by scanning electron microscope revealed a shift in size distribution from larger mainly rod-type bacteria under low grazing pressure towards smaller mainly coccus-type under strong grazing pressure. The metabolic activity of bacteria measured as glucose uptake was higher under strong grazing pressure. After removal of large daphnids, the increase in bacterial density was probably the result of two additive factors: low grazing pressure and high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) due to photosynthetic activity of more abundant algae. Composition of bacterial populations shifted toward larger, rod-type bacteria, and their metabolic efficiency measured by uptake, was lowered. The basic dimensionality of the system and interactions between variables was describe by R-mode factor analysis. The manipulated enclosures were relate with factor score.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Capture-removal model sampling estimation based on big data

Capture-removal methods were often used to estimate the unknown population size and variance, which are applied in Biology, Ecology and Sociology. In this study, the improved capture removal model was adapted to explore the propagation scale as well as the involved population size of network information dissemination, and then, empirical analysis was carried out using the dissemination of public opinion on ‘8\(\cdot \)12’ Tianjin port explosion as an example. Our results indicate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the range of the spread of the hot spots in social networks. This conclusion might be that social network has gradually become an important path and mode of communication in public discourse, and provide evidence for sampling estimation in big data analysis.     

Ca2+在链霉素对大鼠颈动脉窦压力感受器反射影响中的作用

在23只隔离灌流颈动脉窦区的麻醉大鼠上, 观察了链霉素(streptomycin, SM)对动脉压力感受器反射影响的离子机制.结果: (1) 用SM (200 μmol/L)隔离灌流大鼠颈动脉窦区时, 压力感受器机能曲线向右上方移位, 曲线最大斜率及反射性血压下降幅度均减小(P<0.01), 提示SM对压力感受器反射有抑制作用; (2)预先灌流高Ca2+溶液(4 mmol/L)后, 可部分消除SM (200 μmol/L)对压力感受器反射的抑制作用(P<0.01), 使其压力感受器机能曲线向左下方移位, 曲线的最大斜率由0.27±0.04增至0.37±0.02 (P<0.01), 反射性血压下降幅度由4.32±0.14 kPa增至6.18±0.17 kPa (P<0.01), 而阈压和饱和压则分别从10.29±0.29和27.26±0.42 kPa降至9.98±0.33 和25.22±0.38 kPa (P<0.05); (3) 用Ca2+通道激动剂Bay K 8644 (500 nmol/L)预处理, 可完全消除SM (200 μmol/L)对压力感受器反射的抑制效应; (4)预先给予Ca2+激活性K+通道阻断剂(charybdotoxin, ChTX, 100 nmol/L), 对压力感受器反射无明显影响, 加入SM后仍呈现抑制作用.以上结果表明, SM可能是通过抑制颈动脉窦压力感受器中机械敏感性通道的Ca2+内流而发挥作用.     

CO2浓度倍增、高氮沉降和高降雨对南亚热带人工模拟森林生态系统土壤呼吸的影响

 土壤呼吸响应全球气候变化对全球C循环具有重要作用。应用大型开顶箱(Open-top chamber, OTC)人工控制手段, 研究了大气CO₂浓度倍增、高氮沉降和高降雨处理对南亚热带人工森林生态系统土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明: 对照箱、CO₂浓度倍增处理以及高氮沉降处理下土壤呼吸速率都具有明显的季节变化, 雨季(4~9月)的土壤呼吸速率显著高于旱季(10月至次年3月) (p<0.001); 但高降雨处理下无明显的季节差异(p>0.05)。CO₂浓度倍增能显著提高土壤呼吸速率(p<0.05), 其他处理则变化不大。大气CO₂浓度倍增、高氮沉降、高降雨处理和对照箱的土壤呼吸年通量分别为4 241.7、3 400.8、3 432.0和3 308.4 g CO₂·m^–2·a^–1。但在不同季节, 各种处理对土壤呼吸的影响是不同的。在雨季, 大气CO₂浓度倍增和高氮沉降的土壤呼吸速率显著提高(p<0.05), 其他处理无显著变化; 而在旱季, 高降雨的土壤呼吸速率显著高于对照箱(p<0.05), 氮沉降处理则抑制土壤呼吸作用(p<0.05)。各处理的土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度之间具有显著的指数关系(p<0.001); 当土壤湿度低于15%时, 各处理的土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤湿度具有显著的线性关系(p<0.001)。     

离体条件下几种不同的因子对芦笋诱导生根的研究

以芦笋的茎尖为外植体,分别从糖、无机盐、激素等方面研究了在离体条件下影响芦笋生根的因素。结果分析表明：1/2 MS、20 g·L^-1的糖有利于生根;10 g·L^-1糖、1/4 MS培养基上预处理12 d后,生根率可达到100%,根的质量明显优于生长在含有激素培养基上的根;激素预处理并不能提高生根率。因此,低盐及低糖预处理是提高芦笋生根率的一种比较好的方法。     

Photosynthetic electron transport and proton flux under moderate heat stress

Moderate heat stress has been reported to increase PSI cyclic electron flow (CEF). We subjected leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants disrupted in the regulation of one or the other pathway of CEF flow—crr2 (chlororespiratory reduction, deficient in regulation of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent CEF) and pgr5 (proton gradient regulation, proposed to have reduced efficiency of antimycin-A-sensitive-CEF regulation) to moderate heat stress. Light-adapted leaves were switched from 23 to 40°C in 2 min. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, the electrochromic shift (ECS), and P700 were measured. Photosynthesis of crr2 and pgr5 was more sensitive to heat and had less ability to recover than the genetic background gl. The proton conductance in light was increased by heat and it was twice as much in pgr5, which had much smaller light-induced proton motive force. We confirmed that P700 becomes more reduced at high temperature and show that, in contrast, the proportion of PSII open centers (with Q _A oxidized) increases. The two mutants had much slower P700⁺ reduction rate during and after heat than gl. The proportion of light absorbed by PSI versus PSII was increased in gl and crr2 during and after heat treatment, but not in pgr5. We propose that heat alters the redox balance away from PSII and toward PSI and that the regulation of CEF helps photosynthesis tolerate heat stress.