The innervation of head neuromast rows in eleotridine gobies (Teleostei: Gobioidei)

The innervation of free neuromast (sensory papillae) rows is described from Sihler wholemount preparations of four species of eleotridine gobies, one ( Perccottus glenii ) representing the 'longitudinal' type of neuromast arrangement, the others ( Butis buits, Bostrychus urophthalmus, B. marmoratus ) the 'transverse' arrangement. In the latter, the characteristic transverse cheek rows (1–7) are innervated from the infraorbital trunk of the anterior lateral-line nerve. Longitudinal cheek rows b and d , and the three opercular rows, ot, os and oi , common to all species, are innervated by rami of the hyomandibular trunk of the same nerve. Two neuromast groupings are shown to have a mixed nerve supply. For the median preorbital snout rows, there is innervation from the infraorbital ( s ³ and r ) as well as the supraorbital ( s ¹ and s ²) trunks of the anterior lateral line nerve. The anterior dorsal rows are supplied both by the posterior lateral-line supratemporal ramus (rows g and m ) and the anterior lateral-line supraorbital trunk (rows o and n ). The neuromast rows, under the designations of Sanzo, are tabulated according to innervation and their putative origin in the phyletic replacement of a complete head canal system seen in more generalized percomorph fishes.     

Proteome profiling of aging in mouse models: Differential expression of proteins involved in metabolism,transport, and stress response in kidney

Aging is a time‐dependent complex biological phenomenon observed in various organs and organelles of all living organisms. To understand the molecular mechanism of age‐associated functional loss in aging kidneys, we have analyzed the expression of proteins in the kidneys of young (19–22 wk) and old (24 months) C57/BL6 male mice using 2‐DE followed by LC‐MS/MS. We found that expression levels of 49 proteins were upregulated (p ≤ 0.05), while that of only ten proteins were downregulated (p ≤ 0.05) due to aging. The proteins identified belong to three broad functional categories: (i) metabolism (e.g., aldehyde dehydrogenase family, ATP synthase β‐subunit, malate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), hydroxy acid oxidase 2), (ii) transport (e.g., transferrin), and (iii) chaperone/stress response (e.g., Ig‐binding protein, low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein associated protein 1, selenium‐binding proteins (SBPs)). Some proteins with unknown functions were also identified as being differentially expressed. ATP synthase β subunit, transferrin, fumarate hydratase, SBPs, and albumin are present in multiple forms, possibly arising due to proteolysis or PTMs. The above functional categories suggest specific mechanisms and pathways for age‐related kidney degeneration.     

A highly uniform UV transillumination imaging system for quantitative analysis of nucleic acids and proteins

The digital fluorescent imaging for documentation and analysis of gel electrophoretic separations of nucleic acids and proteins is widely used in quantitative biology. Most fluorescent stains used in postelectrophoretic analysis of proteins and nucleic acids have significant excitation peaks with UV light (300-365 nm), making midrange UV (UV-B) as the excitation source of choice. However, coupling quantitative CCD imaging with UV is difficult due to lack of uniformity found in typical UV transilluminators. The apparent amount of those macromolecules depends on the position of the gel band on the imaging surface of the transilluminator. Here, we report the development and validation of a highly uniform UV transillumination system. Using a novel high density lighting system containing a single lamp formed into a high density grid, an electronic ballast, a phosphor coating, and a bandpass filter to convert 254 nm light produced to 300-340 nm, uniformity of 80% CV observed in typical UV transilluminators. This system has been used for the quantitative analysis of electrophoretically separated nucleic acids and proteins (CV相似文献   

Comparison of SYPRO Ruby and Deep Purple using commonly available UV transilluminator: wide-scale application in proteomic research

Fluorescent stains are becoming increasingly useful in proteomics research involving protein expression as well as post-translational modification studies and are particularly useful for samples which are expensive and scarce. The fluorescent dyes Deep Purple and SYPRO Ruby are widely used in protein expression studies. Using UV transillumination and Charged Coupled Device (CCD) based imaging system, their relative sensitivity to detect proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and downstream protein identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was compared. Using mouse liver homogenate, we detected a greater number of spots using SYPRO Ruby over Deep Purple stain. However, the number of matched peptides and the percentage of amino acid residues identified for 21 different proteins were comparable suggesting their equivalency for LC-MS/MS identification. In spite of comparable MS compatibility, we recommend the use of SYPRO Ruby for expression proteomics due to its higher sensitivity in detecting protein spots.     

Effects of low pH and Pb2+ stress on living cyanobacterium, Phormidium angustissimum West & G.S.West : A test of its feasibility as a living biosorbent

Pb²⁺ adsorption by the living cyanobacterium, Phormidium angustissimum followed the Langmuir adsorption model, with the maximum adsorption capacity (q _max ) of 295.4?±?13.8 mg g^?1. This result suggests that P. angustissimum is a promising living biosorbent to remove Pb²⁺ from wastewaters. Living biosorbents are better able to remove Pb²⁺ from wastewater than dead biosorbents, however there are practical limitations for their use are encountered in extreme conditions such as low pH and high Pb²⁺ concentration. The feasibility of using cyanobacterium, P. angustissimum, as a living biosorbent for the extraction of Pb²⁺ from wastewater was studied by investigating its photosynthestic performance and tolerance under Pb²⁺ (0–5 mg ?L^?1) contamination and low pH (pH?3–7). Decreased photosynthetic performance caused by Pb²⁺ contamination and low pH stress was detected in this study by means of a reduction of the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m). Detoxification mechanisms of P. angustissimum on Pb²⁺ appeared to increase its intracellular polysaccharides (IPS), exocellular polysaccharides (EPS), and protein. Living P. angustissimum could increase the pH of the solution which resulted in Pb²⁺ precipitation. The unique ability of P. angustissimum to remove Pb²⁺ and to grow under toxic conditions, demonstrated herein, indicates that it is a promising living biosorbent for mildly acidic water contaminated with Pb²⁺ in bioremoval systems in the which pH is not lower than 5 and Pb²⁺ is not higher than 5 mg L^?1.     

Isozyme variation among four species of the catfish genus Clarias

Native Thai species of Clarias catfishes and one species introduced from Africa can be easily distinguished by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of allozymes. An undescribed species of Clarias was collected from Thailand and found to possess several fixed allelic differences from the Clarias previously studied.