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1.
Variability of the env gene in cynomolgus macaques persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The sequence variability of distinct regions of the proviral env gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben (HIV-2ben) isolated sequentially over 3 to 4 years from six experimentally infected macaques was studied. The regions investigated were homologous to the V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V7 hypervariable regions identified in the env genes of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac, respectively. In contrast to findings with HIV-1 and SIVmac, the V1- and V2-homologous regions were found to be highly conserved during the course of the HIV-2ben infection in macaques. The V3-homologous region showed a degree of variation comparable to that of HIV-1 but not of SIV. In the V4-, V5-, and V7-homologous regions, mutation hot spots were detected in most reisolates of the infected monkeys. Most of these mutations occurred during the first 10 weeks after infection. After 50 weeks, new mutations were rarely detected. At most mutation sites, a dynamic equilibrium between the mutated viral isotype and the infecting predominant wild type was present. This equilibrium might prevent an accumulation of mutations in isolates later in the course of infection. 相似文献
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3.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is usually a benign illness, and respiratory complications and extrapulmonary manifestations occur rarely. In this series, patients admitted to a referral hospital with this disorder had unusual symptoms, signs and findings on chest roentgenograms and laboratory studies. Pneumonia was often severe and extrapulmonary manifestations were frequent, resulting in prolonged hospital stays and illnesses. Although this extreme end of the spectrum of disease caused by M pneumoniae is not representative of this type of pneumonia as seen in outpatients, it is important to realize that patients admitted to hospital with severe, complicated pneumonia frequently have unusual manifestations of a common disease. 相似文献
4.
For the first time, endogenous amounts of Leu-enkephalin are measured in brain tissue with a technique preserving integrity of the entire molecular structure of the neuropeptide. Field-desorption mass spectrometry enables measurement of picomole amounts of endogenous, chemically underivatized Leu-enkephalin in canine caudate nuclei and hypothalami. The optimal sensitivity and resolution of high-performance liquid chromatography is coupled with maximal molecular specificity of field-desorption mass spectrometry to measure enkephalins in caudate nuclei and hypothalami from dog brains. This novel combination of two recent instrumental methodologies provides a firm molecular basis for calibrating the radioimmunoassay measurement of endogenous levels of biologically active brain neuropeptides. 相似文献
5.
Patrick Y-K Wong Kafait U. Malik Dominic M. Desiderio John C. McGiff Frank F. Sun 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1980,93(2):486-494
Metabolism of [9-3H]-PGI2 was studied in the isolated Tyrode's perfused rabbit liver. Five products, four radioactive and one non-radioactive, were identified in the perfusate: 19-hydroxy-6-keto-PGF1α, 6-keto-PGF1α, dinor-6-keto-PGF1α, pentanor PGF1α and a 6-keto-PGE1-like substance. The first two, 19-hydroxy-6-keto-PGF1α and 6-keto-PGF1α, represented 5% and 45% respectively, of the total radioactivity; the last two accounted for 39%. The presence of dinor and pentanor derivatives of 6-keto-PGF1α indicated that β -oxidation and oxidative-decarboxylation occurs in the liver as the major metabolic pathway of PGI2. One non-radioactive metabolite which co-migrated with authentic 6-keto-PGE1 was found to inhibit platelet aggregation, having a potency similar to authentic 6-keto-PGE1, and its effect can be eliminated by boiling and by alkali treatment. This metabolite, having similar Rf value on TLC and biological behavior as 6-keto-PGE1, may arise from oxidation of 6-keto-PGF1α via the 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase pathway, as suggested by recovery of tritiated water in the aqueous phase of the perfusate. This material, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, may arise from PGI2 or its hydrolysis product, 6-keto-PGF1α. 相似文献
6.
Control of chromosome condensation in the sea urchin egg 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
7.
Vijay K. Mahajan Dominic M. Desiderio 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1978,82(4):1104-1110
The amino acid sequence of oligopeptides can be determined from the mass spectra of their volatile derivatives. New peptide derivatives are described which are prepared from permethylated peptides by reduction with borane-tetrahydrofuran. These derivatives have been found to be more volatile than the corresponding permethylated ones. The procedure is illustrated by application of this technique to representative oligopeptides. As little as 10–100 nmol of these peptides have been sequenced using this technique. 相似文献
8.
Susan Willis Tolle R. D. Dyson R. W. Newburgh Janet M. Cardenas 《Journal of neurochemistry》1976,27(6):1355-1360
Abstract– The distribution of pyruvate kinase isozymes (EC 2.7.1.40) was examined in cells and tissues from the central and peripheral nervous system of the rat. Most tissues contain significant quantities of both the K4 (fetal type) and M4 (skeletal muscle type) isozymes plus tetrameric hybrids comprised of various combination of the type M and type K subunits. Retina, for example, contains a five-mem-bered hybrid set weighted toward K4, while sciatic nerve and spinal cord have patterns very similar to that of adult brain, consisting predominantly of M4 with small amounts of K4 and K-M hybrids. This adult pattern is achieved by a gradual shift from a hybrid set dominated by K4 in fetal life, to the pattern at birth at which time the two most prominent bands were M4 and K2M2, and finally to the adult pattern by about 28 days after birth. Neurons and glial cells were isolated from rat and mouse brains at the various developmental levels. The pyruvate kinase isozyme patterns in the two cell types were similar to each other and to the patterns seen in whole brain homogenates at all ages, indicating similar rates of isozymic maturation in the two cell types. The correlation of maturation with pyruvate kinase isozyme patterns was further tested in cultures of malignant cell lines. A K-M hybrid set, weighted toward K4, was seen in two clonal lines of mouse neuroblastoma under normal culture conditions. However, lowering the serum concentration in the culture medium or adding bromodeoxyuridine caused a shift in the patterns toward type M as the cells differentiated, mimicking in part the in vivo maturation of normal cells. On the other hand, a rapidly growing and poorly differentiated line of rat glioblastoma had only K4 under all conditions examined. 相似文献
9.
Katja Fennel Damian Brady Dominic DiToro Robinson W. Fulweiler Wayne S. Gardner Anne Giblin Mark J. McCarthy Alexandra Rao Sybil Seitzinger Marie Thouvenot-Korppoo Craig Tobias 《Biogeochemistry》2009,93(1-2):159-178
Sediment denitrification is a major pathway of fixed nitrogen loss from aquatic systems. Due to technical difficulties in measuring this process and its spatial and temporal variability, estimates of local, regional and global denitrification have to rely on a combination of measurements and models. Here we review approaches to describing denitrification in aquatic sediments, ranging from mechanistic diagenetic models to empirical parameterizations of nitrogen fluxes across the sediment-water interface. We also present a compilation of denitrification measurements and ancillary data for different aquatic systems, ranging from freshwater to marine. Based on this data compilation we reevaluate published parameterizations of denitrification. We recommend that future models of denitrification use (1) a combination of mechanistic diagenetic models and measurements where bottom-waters are temporally hypoxic or anoxic, and (2) the much simpler correlations between denitrification and sediment oxygen consumption for oxic bottom waters. For our data set, inclusion of bottom water oxygen and nitrate concentrations in a multivariate regression did not improve the statistical fit. 相似文献
10.
Wolf Heusermann Justin Hean Dominic Trojer Emmanuelle Steib Stefan von Bueren Alexandra Graff-Meyer Christel Genoud Katrin Martin Nicolas Pizzato Johannes Voshol David V. Morrissey Samir E.L. Andaloussi Matthew J. Wood Nicole C. Meisner-Kober 《The Journal of cell biology》2016,213(2):173-184
Exosomes are nanovesicles released by virtually all cells, which act as intercellular messengers by transfer of protein, lipid, and RNA cargo. Their quantitative efficiency, routes of cell uptake, and subcellular fate within recipient cells remain elusive. We quantitatively characterize exosome cell uptake, which saturates with dose and time and reaches near 100% transduction efficiency at picomolar concentrations. Highly reminiscent of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, exosomes are recruited as single vesicles to the cell body by surfing on filopodia as well as filopodia grabbing and pulling motions to reach endocytic hot spots at the filopodial base. After internalization, exosomes shuttle within endocytic vesicles to scan the endoplasmic reticulum before being sorted into the lysosome as their final intracellular destination. Our data quantify and explain the efficiency of exosome internalization by recipient cells, establish a new parallel between exosome and virus host cell interaction, and suggest unanticipated routes of subcellular cargo delivery. 相似文献