Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Variation among and within Selected Ixora (Rubiaceae) Populations and Mutants

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used tostudy variation among and within selectedIxora (Rubiaceae) populationsand mutants. Six populations of I. congesta yielded identicalbanding patterns suggesting genetic uniformity of this species.However, six populations of I. coccinea varieties (three red-flowered,two yellow-flowered and one red-flowered wild-type) exhibitedinfraspecific differences in RAPD profiles. Small and largeleaves of an atavistic mutant cultivar of I. coccinea were alsosubjected to RAPD analysis. An extra band was amplified in thelarge leaves that was absent in small leaves, suggesting thatthe phenotypic alteration in this taxon is due to genetic mutationrather than epigenetic changes. Similarly, an extra band wasdetected in the white sectors of I. Variegated compared to thegreen sectors, suggesting that the shoot apical meristems ofthis cultivar exist as a genetic chimera. DNA gel blot hybridizationwas performed to confirm the specificities of selected bands.Our study indicates that differences among individuals of variouspopulations and mutants may be detected using RAPD markers.Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company Ixora L., variegated variety, RAPD fingerprinting, DNA gel blot, intraspecific genetic similarity, atavistic mutant.     

经甫树蛙的染色体组型、C带和Ag-NORs的研究

本文分别用骨髓细胞染色体标本制作法、BSG技术和一种快速、简便的Ag-NORs显带技术,首次研究了经甫树蛙的染色体组型、C带和Ag-NORs。结果表明,经甫树蛙2n=26,有5对大型和8对小型染色体,次缢痕在No.11染色体长臂末端,为C带负染;银染表明,此次缢痕处即是经甫树蛙的“标准NORs”经甫树娃的C带结构异染色质主要是着丝点型和插入型的。文章初步讨论了树蛙属的细胞分类、经甫树蛙次缢痕、Ag-NORs和C带的关系。     

论受控于X连锁基因性状的变异性

本文应用数量遗传学方法,结合概率运算,从理论上分析了由X连锁基因控制的性状在雌雄群体中的变异情况。表明雄（男）性群体的这类性状遗传变异范围有大于雌（女）性群体的倾向。对这一问题的探讨,将有助于对X连锁基因及所决定性状的遗传特性、进化特点及基因定位等的研究提供新的思路。     

人体肠道细菌寡营养培养组条件的优化研究

【目的】探讨寡营养对人体肠道细菌培养组的条件。【方法】通过稀释富集培养基、固体平板和增菌肉汤培养基成分获得寡营养培养基。对健康人粪便样本分别用原液(0)、5、10、20、30和40倍稀释的富集培养基(添加羊血和瘤胃液的血培养瓶)连续增菌,在不同时间点(第0、3、6、9、15、27、30天)吸取增菌液,用YCFA (yeast casitone fatty acid)固体培养平板分离菌落;用YCFA增菌肉汤增菌后再次挑取单菌落,利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF)质谱和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株。通过比较上述6种寡营养条件分离肠道菌群的效果,选取富集培养基原液、稀释10倍和30倍这3 种条件下分离效果较好的富集条件,与同样稀释倍数条件的固体平板和增菌肉汤分别组合成9种培养基条件,进一步优化肠道菌群的培养组条件。【结果】在6种寡营养富集培养基中,未稀释(原液)、10 倍和30倍稀释的富集培养基分离细菌的种类比其他...     

嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌治疗疾病的潜力与作用机制研究进展

嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila, AKK)可促进肠道黏液分泌,维持肠道黏液动态平衡,调节肠黏膜屏障功能,在机体代谢调节、免疫应答中发挥重要作用。AKK对肠道炎症、神经炎症、机体代谢紊乱和癌症等疾病具有显著改善作用,被视为极具潜力的下一代益生菌。本文分别从消化系统、神经系统、代谢性紊乱和癌症等角度入手,系统概述AKK在疾病治疗中的潜力及作用分子机制。     

切除上胚轴对绿豆子叶衰老逆转及其核酸和蛋白质代谢的效应

在绿豆子叶衰老达到不归点(萌发后5～6d)前切除上胚轴可使开始衰老的子叶中核酸和蛋白质含量回升,衰老短期逆转。衰老不归点后的子叶中核酸和蛋白质变化的主要特征是:丧失了较多的核主带DNA、25S、18S rRNA以及大部分可溶性蛋白质组分,一种小分子DNA 组分完全消失。不归点前切除上胚轴可使上述核酸和蛋白质组分明显增加,表明子叶衰老的逆转可能与这些重要功能物质的回升有关。在切除上胚轴的茎顶涂抹IAA,能阻止子叶核酸和蛋白质回升,也消除了切除上胚轴对子叶裹老的逆转作用。     

北部湾茅尾海无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量反演——基于XGBoost机器学习算法

无瓣海桑是广西从自治区外引进的外来红树林树种,采用定量化算法精确估算无瓣海桑地上生物量对红树林生态修复以及海洋蓝碳监测提供经验和方法。论文以广西茅尾海自然保护区无瓣海桑红树林为研究对象,以野外实测无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量数据和Sentinel-1/2卫星提取的后向散射数据、波段数据、植被指数数据和纹理指数数据为数据源,通过分析各遥感因子与实测红树林地上生物量之间的重要性关系,采用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)机器学习算法对比了不同的变量组合对模型精度的影响,最后基于优选的变量组合反演了无瓣海桑红树林的地上生物量。结果表明：(1)研究区无瓣海桑红树林实测树高范围为1.55—13.58m,平均值为8.37m,胸径范围为0.7—41cm,平均值为15.62cm;(2)通过XGBoost算法优选的21个特征变量组合模型拟合效果较好,其模型在测试阶段R²=0.7237,RMSE=21.70Mg/hm²。XGBoost算法反演研究区无瓣海桑地上生物量介于19.14—138.46Mg/hm²之间,平均值为51.92Mg/hm^...     

荒漠草原生态恢复与重建：人工植被推动下水分介导的系统响应、生态阈值与互馈作用

荒漠草原(生态区)横贯我国西北地区东部,生态地位十分重要。近二十年来,通过封育禁牧、退耕还林(草),植被覆盖显著改善,但是生态系统质量和稳定性依然不高。由于长期将荒漠草原单纯视作草原的一部分,对其生态系统过渡性、脆弱性和复杂性本质特征认识不足,造成了荒漠草原生态学研究与区域生态建设实践之间不同程度的脱节。在分析荒漠草原生态区未来在我国生态安全格局中突出的但是被一定程度上忽视的地位的基础上,进一步归纳了荒漠草原生态系统的一般特征,指出了生态恢复与重建研究中存在的主要问题。进而以人工植被引入荒漠草原生态工程为案例,分析了人工植被驱动荒漠草原生态恢复与重建的过程与机制,归纳了“植被-水文-土壤”互馈作用驱动生态系统层级响应模式,并展望了今后的发展趋势与研究方向。     

Effects of Allelochemicals on Root Growth and Pod Yield in Response to Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Peanut

Continuous cropping (CC) obstacle is a major threat in legume crops production; however, the underlying mechanisms concerning the roles allelochemicals play in CC obstacle are poorly understood. The current 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds and concentrations of allelochemicals, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (H), cinnamic acid (C), phthalic acid (P), and their mixtures (M) on peanut root growth and productivity in response to CC obstacle. Treatment with H, C, P, and M significantly decreased the plant height, dry weight of the leaves and stems, number of branches, and length of the lateral stem compared with control. Exogenous application of H, C, P, and M inhibited the peanut root growth as indicated by the decreased root morphological characters. The allelochemicals also induced the cell membrane oxidation even though the antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in peanut roots. Meanwhile, treatment with H, C, P, and M reduced the contents of total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. Analysis of ATPase activity, nitrate reductase activity, and root system activity revealed that the inhibition effects of allelochemicals on peanut roots might be due to the decrease in activities of ATPase and NR, and the inhibition of root system. Consequently, allelochemicals significantly decreased the pod yield of peanut compared with control. Our results demonstrate that allelochemicals play a dominant role in CC obstacle-induced peanut growth inhibition and yield reduction through damaging the root antioxidant system, unbalancing the osmolytes accumulation, and decreasing the activities of root-related enzymes.