Increases in the number of adventitious roots caused by 2-thiouracil and 5-bromodeoxyuridine in Phaseolus mungo cuttings

A cutting of Phaseolus mungoproduced about 4 adventitious rootsat the basal 1 mm region when the basal part of the cuttingwas dipped in water. Rootlets became visible after a 36 hr lagperiod in untreated cuttings. Treatment with 2-thiouracil or5-bromodeoxyuridine increased the number of roots formed onthe cutting and prolonged the lag period. Effects of 2-thiouraciland 5-bromodeoxyuridine were reversed by simultaneously applieduracil and thymidine. The number of roots decreased and thelength of lag period was shortened. The increases in the numberof roots by 2-thiouracil or 5-bromodeoxyuridine was reducedby gibberellic acid, which did not cause a decrease in the numberof roots to be formed on control cuttings. Roots formed at thebasal region seem to suppress further root formation at theupper part of the hypocotyl. Inhibitors used here probably workby blocking the formation of these bottommost roots. (Received April 30, 1971; )     

EFFECT OF LIGHT ON AUXIN TRANSPORT AND ELONGATION OF AVENA MESOCOTYL

The present work was undertaken to find if there are relations between light and auxin action on elongation of coleoptilar node and mesocotyl with Avena seedlings. Red light inhibited the elongation of mesocotyl and simultaneously decreased the rate of transport of diffusible auxin through the node. Red light also inhibited the transport of exogenously given IAA through the nodal region. The light inhibition of IAA transport was closely related to the increase of IAA immobilization. As the age proceeds, the ability of IAA immobilization increased with the decrease in the rate of mesocotyl elongation, even if the seedling was grown in complete darkness. The nature of radioactive substances found in the IAA-C¹⁴ treated tissue was examined by paper chromatography. The above results strongly suggested that the increase of IAA immobilization might result in the inhibition of mesocotyl elongation.     

Biochemical studies on biogenesis of mitochondria in wounded sweet potato root tissue I. Time course analysis of increase in mitochondrial enzymes

Cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities increasedduring aging of sliced tissue for sweet potato root after respectivelag phases of about 8 and 10 hr. The increase in the formerwas stepwise. On the other hand, malate dehydrogenase activityincreased slowly without a lag phase. Spectrophotometric determinationof heme contents in mitochondria indicated that the hemes increasedafter a lag phase for at least 8 hr during aging Treatment of tissue slices with cycloheximide at a concentrationof 10^–6 M prior to aging resulted in an extension of thelag phase in the increase of cytochrome oxidaseactivity andin complete inhibition of the increase of malate dehydrogenaseactivity. The antibiotic, at a concentration of 10^–5 M,completely suppressed the increases. Chloramphenicol (6 ? 10^–3M) also blocked the increases, except for that in malate dehydrogenaseactivity at an early stage of aging (Received December 22, 1970; )     

Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean

• 1 Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of ≥8058 whales), strandings (103), Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
• 2 Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort. Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per 1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia; higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile, southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
• 3 Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
• 4 Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare) and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the Antarctic.
• 5 Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue whales.
• 6 South‐east Pacific blue whales have a discrete distribution and high sighting rates compared with the Antarctic. Further work is needed to clarify their subspecific status given their distinctive genetics, acoustics and length frequencies.
• 7 Antarctic blue whales numbered 1700 (95% Bayesian interval 860–2900) in 1996 (less than 1% of original levels), but are increasing at 7.3% per annum (95% Bayesian interval 1.4–11.6%). The status of other populations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean is unknown because few abundance estimates are available, but higher recent sighting rates suggest that they are less depleted than Antarctic blue whales.

     

The angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor and receptor-associated proteins

INTRODUCTIONThe renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is consid-ered to be the major regulator of blood pressure)electrolyte balance and renal, neuronal as well as en-docrine functions related to cardiovascular control.The RAS is the key factor in most cases essential hy-pertension, as indicated by successes in treatment ofhypertensive patients with various angiotensin I con-verting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and receptor block-ers. Renin was a central subject of intense investigation because of…     

BLUE AND NEAR ULTRAVIOLET REVERSIBLE PHOTOREACTION IN CONIDIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUNGUS, ALTERNARIA TOMATO

In the sporulation of Alternaria tomato, conidiophores are induced by near ultraviolet irradiation but not by darkness, and the conidia develop only when the irradiation is followed by a period of darkness. Conidial development is suppressed by a short exposure to blue light at a definite time during the dark period following the inductive irradiation. The suppression of conidial development by blue light can be reversed by exposure to near ultraviolet light immediately following the blue light irradiation. This reversion is reversibly suppressed by a further exposure to blue light immediately following near ultraviolet irradiation. Thus, at least two stages are involved in the sporulation of A. tomato, the first being a photochemical stage necessary for the induction of conidiophores, and the second essential for the conidial development which proceeds only in the absence of exposure to the blue region of the spectrum. Moreover, conidial development can be controlled by alternating doses of blue and near ultraviolet light, and the subsequent response depends upon the last kind of radiation given. It is concluded that a new pigment system, which we have named “Mycochrome”, is involved in the blue and near ultraviolet reversible photoreaction, and that this compound plays an important role in the photocontrol of conidial development in this fungus.     

CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDES AND IN ACTIVITIES OF NADP-DEPENDENT DEHYDROGENASES AFTER A BRIEF ILLUMINATION OF RED LIGHT

A brief red irradiation caused an immediate rise of NADPH level and an immediate drop of NADP level in coleoptilar node of etiolated Avena seedling. With the duration of the dark incubation after the red irradiation, the level of NADPH gradually fell, and the NADP level rose higher than in non-irradiated materials. Such NADP-dependent dehydrogenases as glucose-6-phosphate, isocitrate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were activated immediately after the red irradiation.