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1.
Biotransformation of 7-ethoxycoumarin by Streptomyces griseus resulted in the accumulation of two metabolites which were isolated and identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin. A novel series of biotransformation reactions is implicated in the conversion of the ethoxycoumarin substrate to these products, including O-deethylation, 6-hydroxylation to form a 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin catechol, and subsequent O-methylation. Either 7-hydroxycoumarin or 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin was biotransformed to 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin by S. griseus. Trace amounts of the isomeric 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin were detected when 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin was used as the substrate. Efforts to obtain a cell-free catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme system from S. griseus were unsuccessful. However, [methyl-14C]methionine was used with cultures of S. griseus to form 7-hydroxy-6-[14C]methoxycoumarin. 相似文献
2.
The Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by a partial deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 band 16.3 (4p16.3). A unique-sequence human DNA probe (39 kb) localized within this region has been used to search for sequence homology in the apes' equivalent chromosome 3 by FISH-technique. The WHS loci are conserved in higher primates at the expected position. Nevertheless, a control probe, which detects alphoid sequences of the pericentromeric region of humans, is diverged in chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. The conservation of WHS loci and divergence of DNA alphoid sequences have further added to the controversy concerning human descent. 相似文献
3.
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain Michael Boehnke Thomas S. Frank Sam Kiousis Junxhe Xu Sun-Wei Guo Elizabeth R. Hauser Robert A. Norum Elizabeth A. Helmbold Dorene S. Markel Sima M. Keshavarzi C. Eugene Jackson Kathleen Calzone Judy Garber Francis S. Collins Barbara L. Weber 《American journal of human genetics》1993,52(4):792-798
Previous studies have demonstrated linkage between early-onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer and genetic markers on chromosome 17q21. These markers define the location of a gene (BRCA1) which appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant susceptibility allele. We analyzed five families with multiple affected individuals for evidence of linkage to the BRCA1 region. Two of the five families appear to be linked to BRCA1. One apparently linked family contains critical recombinants, suggesting that the gene is proximal to the marker D17S579 (Mfd188). These findings are consistent with the maximum-likelihood position estimated by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium and with recombination events detected in other linked families. Linkage analysis was greatly aided by PCR-based analysis of paraffin-embedded normal breast tissue from deceased family members, demonstrating the feasibility and importance of this approach. One of the two families with evidence of linkage between breast cancer and genetic markers flanking BRCA1 represents the first such family of African-American descent to be reported in detail. 相似文献
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Victor Rico-Gray Jose G. Garcia-Franco Alexandra Chemas Armando Puch Paulino Sima 《Economic botany》1990,44(4):470-487
We studied species composition, similarity, and structure of homegardens in two Yucatecan Maya communities, Tixpeual and Tixcacaltuyub, Yucatan, Mexico. The number of gardens sampled per village was 20 and 22; total area sampled was very similar, 45,265 m2 and 40,150 m2; the number of trees and shrubs present was 5651 and 5603; and number of species was 135 and 133, respectively. Diversity was low for both sites (H′= 1.6), as were the correlation coefficients (r) for the species-area and individuals-area correlations. The relatively low values obtained for the structural parameters reflect the random pattern of plant incorporation to the gardens, the variability in the proportion of constantly used and not constantly used garden area, and a certain uniformity in the number of species used and number of individuals present, and the relationship between these parameters and garden size. All these reflect the uniqueness of each homegarden, which depends upon the cultural background of the owner. We noticed a trend towards a change in homegarden structure and function in response to the modernization process. Homegardens in villages in the outskirts of cities tend to have more ornamental species and commercial fruit plants than homegardens in isolated villages. 相似文献
7.
The properties of enzymes and microbial cells as biocatalysts useful in natural products chemistry are discussed from the perspective of the chemical transformations they catalyse. Attention is focused on numerous reactions of value to natural products chemists, including the acyloin condensation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, regio- and enantioselective ester hydrolyses, oxidations of aromatic and non-aromatic substrates, oxidoreduction and O- and N-dealkylations. Compounds considered in this review include amino acids, alkaloids, antibiotics, coumarins, naphthoquinones, quassinoids, rotenoids and mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenoid substrates. The value of biocatalysis compared with traditional chemical catalysis is considered within the broad framework of natural products chemistry, and the potential for using immobilized enzyme and cell technology is presented. 相似文献
8.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) are a class of drugs that are widely used because of their various pharmacological properties including cardiotonic, vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxant, antidepressant, antithrombotic, bronchodilator, antiinflammatory and enhancer of cognitive function. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased. Some pharmacologically active substances that come from plants demonstrate PDEI activity. They mainly belong to alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. In this review, studies on herbal PDEI were reviewed and their possible therapeutic applications were discussed. Screening plants for PDE inhibitory activity may help to develop standardized phytotherapeutic products or find new sources for new lead structures with PDEI pharmacological activity. The studies discussed in this paper are mainly in vitro and for more reasonable and conclusive results, it is required to conduct in vivo and finally human and clinical tests. 相似文献
9.
Sharon Sima Lander Sergiy Chornyy Hazem Safory Amit Gross Herman Wolosker Inna Gaisler‐Salomon 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2020,19(6)
Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GDH), encoded by the Glud1 gene in rodents, is a mitochondrial enzyme critical for maintaining glutamate homeostasis at the tripartite synapse. Our previous studies indicate that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to GDH deficiency in central nervous system (CNS). Here, we first asked whether mice with a homozygous deletion of Glud1 in CNS (CNS‐Glud1 ?/? mice) express different levels of glutamate in hippocampus, and found elevated glutamate as well as glutamine in dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and increased glutamine in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). l ‐serine and d ‐serine, which contribute to glutamate homeostasis and NMDA receptor function, are increased in ventral but not dorsal hippocampus, and in mPFC. Protein expression levels of the GABA synthesis enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) GAD67 were decreased in the ventral hippocampus as well. Behavioral analysis revealed deficits in visual, spatial and social novelty recognition abilities, which require intact hippocampal‐prefrontal cortex circuitry. Finally, hippocampus‐dependent contextual fear retrieval was deficient in CNS‐Glud1 ?/? mice, and c‐Fos expression (indicative of neuronal activation) in the CA1 pyramidal layer was reduced immediately following this task. These data point to hippocampal subregion‐dependent disruption in glutamate homeostasis and excitatory/inhibitory balance, and to behavioral deficits that support a decline in hippocampal‐prefrontal cortex connectivity. Together with our previous data, these findings also point to different patterns of basal and activity‐induced hippocampal abnormalities in these mice. In sum, GDH contributes to healthy hippocampal and PFC function; disturbed GDH function is relevant to several psychiatric and neurological disorders. 相似文献
10.
Yulia Zilber Sima Babayeva Jung Hwa Seo Jia Jia Liu Steven Mootin Elena Torban 《Molecular biology of the cell》2013,24(5):555-565
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls multiple cellular processes during vertebrate development. Recently the PCP pathway was implicated in ciliogenesis and in ciliary function. The primary cilium is an apically projecting solitary organelle that is generated via polarized intracellular trafficking. Because it acts as a signaling nexus, defects in ciliogenesis or cilial function cause multiple congenital anomalies in vertebrates. Loss of the PCP effector Fuzzy affects PCP signaling and formation of primary cilia; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes are largely unknown. Here we report that Fuzzy localizes to the basal body and ciliary axoneme and is essential for ciliogenesis by delivering Rab8 to the basal body and primary cilium. Fuzzy appears to control subcellular localization of the core PCP protein Dishevelled, recruiting it to Rab8-positive vesicles and to the basal body and cilium. We show that loss of Fuzzy results in inhibition of PCP signaling and hyperactivation of the canonical WNT pathway. We propose a mechanism by which Fuzzy participates in ciliogenesis and affects both canonical WNT and PCP signaling. 相似文献