Interval aerobic training improves bioenergetics state and mitochondrial dynamics of different brain regions in restraint stressed rats

Molecular Biology Reports - Evidence has validated the prophylactic effects of exercising on different aspects of health. On the opposite side, immobilization may lead to various destructive...     

The Anti-fibrotic Effects of Heat-Killed Akkermansia muciniphila MucT on Liver Fibrosis Markers and Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a key phenomenon in development of liver fibrosis. Recently, Akkermansia muciniphila has been introduced as a...     

Effect of vitamin E on sperm number and testis histopathology of sodium arsenite-treated rats

The aims of this study were to investigate the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on the reproductive system of male rats as well as to examine whether vitamin E is able to ameliorate these effects. Adult rats were divided into four groups: 1/ control, 2/ sodium arsenite (8 mg/kg/day), 3/ vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day), and 4/ sodium arsenite +vitamin E group. Treatments were administered orally by gavage for eight weeks. After treatment, body and left testis weights were recorded and the testis was used for the histological analysis. Left cauda epididymis was used to count sperm number. Body and testis weight did not differ among the groups (p>0.05). A significant decrease (p<0.001) in sperm number and mean diameter of seminiferous tubules as well as a significant increase (p<0.001) in the mean diameter of seminiferous tubules' lumen were found in sodium arsenite group compared to those of controls. Sodium arsenite did not affect the morphology and diameter of spermatogonial nucleus (p>0.05). In the sodium arsenite + vitamin E group, vitamin E ameliorated (p<0.001) the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on sperm number as well as the diameters of tubule and lumen. In addition, the treatment of rats with vitamin E alone significantly (p<0.001) increased the diameter of seminiferous tubules and significantly (p<0.001) decreased seminiferous tubules' lumen compared to the control group. Vitamin E appeared to ameliorate the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on epididymal sperm number and some morphometrical parameters of the adult rat testis.     

Oxytocin Prevents the Development of 3-NP-Induced Anxiety and Depression in Male and Female Rats: Possible Interaction of OXTR and mGluR2

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder with dominant motor symptoms. It also has psychiatric manifestations, like anxiety and depression, that can emerge themselves before motor symptoms and impose a major burden on patients. Oxytocin (OXT) is a newly emerged treatment for disorders like autism and schizophrenia and recently is using to alleviate depression and anxiety. In the current study, we investigated the behavioral and molecular effects of OXT on the development of anxiety and depression in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced model of HD. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as the levels of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2, mGluR5, and glutathione (GSH) were measured in striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Also, we questioned if sex had any modulatory effect. We found that 3-NP increased anxiety and depression compared to controls. It also reduced the levels of OXTR and mGluR2, increased mGluR5, and reduced GSH in studied brain regions. Pretreatment with OXT before the injection of 3-NP ameliorated anxiety and depression. Additionally, it protected the brain from developing low levels of OXTR, mGluR2, and GSH and high levels of mGluR5 in studied regions. The protective effects of OXT were similar between male and female animals. These data suggest that OXTR, mGluR2, mGluR5, and GSH may contribute to psychiatric manifestations of HD. In addition, pretreatment with OXT could prevent the mood changes in male and female rats.

     

Stability of neural differentiation in human adipose derived stem cells by two induction protocols

There are some evidences for suggesting that adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated to the fate of neural cell type. ADSCs can be expanded rapidly in vitro and can be obtained by a less invasive method. In this study, we attempted to compare the stability of neural differentiation in human ADSCs by using two induction protocols.Isolated ADSCs were induced into neural-like cells using diverse effects of two specific procedures. For protocol 1, ADSCs were induced by chemical induction. In protocol 2, ADSCs were treated for sphere formation. Then, the singled cells were cultured in neurobasal media supplemented with special components. Differentiated ADSCs were evaluated for Nestin, MAP2 and GFAP expression by immunocytochemistry and semi quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Moreover, MTT assay was employed to detect cell viability and proliferation.Immunocytochemical analysis of both protocols demonstrated that ADSCs had large expression of the neural-specific markers. In RT-PCR, protocol 1 showed the highest percentage of MAP2 expression, but with time passing, the neural like state was reversible. Protocol 2 found with express of Nestin at week 1, however MAP2 and GFAP expression increased after 3 weeks. The neural-like cells produced by protocol 1 led to the further cell death.Comparative analysis showed that neural-like cell differentiation of ADSCs in chemical induction protocol was rapid but transitory, while it was approximately steady in neurosphere formation protocol.     

Effects of Hippocampal Microinjection of Irisin,an Exercise-Induced Myokine,on Spatial and Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Male Rats

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Irisin is a soluble and exercise-induced myokine and/or adipokine hormone; generated by FNDC5 (a gene precursor) and also, it can...