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Using an equilibrium dialysis technique, moles (Gamma(2)(1)) of cationic and anionic surfactants bound per kilogram of proteins of various types in aqueous media have been measured previously in this laboratory under different physicochemical conditions. From a thermodynamic analysis in the present paper, Gamma(2)(1) has been shown to be equal to the Gibbs relative excess of surfactant per kilogram of protein at a measured value of solute activity, a(2). The values of relative solvent excesses, Gamma(2)(1) (which are negative for surfactants) can be estimated from values of Gamma(2)(1) and a(2). Using the Gibbs-Duhem relationship for protein solution inside the dialysis bag and dialysate solutions respectively at equilibrium, an integrated expression for the standard free energy change, DeltaG(o) (in kilojoules per kilogram of protein for binding with ligand as a result of the change of a(2) from zero to unity) can be calculated from experimental data. The isopiestic vapour pressure technique was used extensively for evaluation of negative binding (-Gamma(2)(1)) of inorganic salts to proteins of different types for various values of a(2) of salts present in the bulk media. With some modifications of our derived equations for free energy of binding in such a system, DeltaG(o) has been evaluated for the change of mean activity of electrolyte from zero to unity in the rational scale. DeltaG(o) is positive since Gamma(2)(1) is negative and Gamma(2)(1) is positive for such ionic systems. DeltaG(o) in all cases, however, are expressed in terms of the standard state of reference of unit activity so that their magnitudes and sign can be related to the relative affinities of a solute for binding with proteins in aqueous media. 相似文献
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Isolation ofThiobacillus ferrooxidans from various habitats and their growth pattern on solid medium
Different strains of iron-oxidizingThiobacillus ferrooxidans were grown and purified on solid medium containing Bapco agar, agarose, and carrageenan (Type 1). These strains produced easily countable isolated colonies that could be transferred after 7 days of incubation at 30°C. Increase in viable cell number in relation to growth and iron oxidation was studied by both microscopic count and direct plating method. Colony morphology of different strains growing on solid medium helped in differentiating the colony types. 相似文献
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Sukham Munilkumar Yumnam Rameshori W. Romen Mangang Makamguang Kamei Yengkhom Chinglemba Annam Pavan-Kumar Bijay Kali Mahapatra Arabinda Das Md. Abu Hanif Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddik 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2021,37(2):356-358
The length-weight relationships (LWRs) of six Nemacheilid species (Schistura chindwinica, S. fasciata, S. khugae, S. minuta, S. reticulata and S. rubrimaculata) have been analyzed. Fish samples were collected on quarterly basis from March 2018 to February 2019. Sampling was performed using cast nets (mesh size 5–10 mm; about 50 sq m area covered each time and water depth was 4 ft approx.), and electrofishing (Ultrasonic Inverter Electro Fisher, 24 volts, 4 m) in the day time. The total length (TL) of individual fish was measured to 0.1 cm with a digital caliper and body weights (BW) were measured to 0.001 g with digital electronic balances. The parameters for the LWR equations were calculated, and the respective statistics such as the 95% confidence interval for parameters “a” and “b” are provided as well as the coefficient of correlation. For five species a new maximum total length has been documented. 相似文献
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Sarkar Monaj Kumar Kar Amrita Jayaraman Adithyan Shanmugam Karthi Vadivel Vellingiri Mahapatra Santanu Kar 《Molecular biology reports》2021,48(6):5327-5334
Molecular Biology Reports - Myricitrin, a naturally occurring flavonoid in Madhuca longifolia, possesses several medicinal properties. Even though our earlier work revealed its role against the... 相似文献
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Taposhi Hazra Manoshi Hazra Sanchita Kumar Sumana Mahato Meghma Bera Subir Bera Mahasin Ali Khan 《植物分类学报:英文版》2021,59(6):1307-1320
Even though presently indigenous to eastern Himalaya in India, no Engelhardioideae have been reported from the Cenozoic sediments of India till date. Here, we report the first Indian occurrence of a characteristic engelhardioid winged samaroid fruit having a tri-lobed wing (oblong-ovate median lobe and two lateral lobes) and a globose nut from the latest Neogene (Pliocene: Rajdanda Formation) sediments of Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India. This is the first fossil evidence of relict family Juglandaceae from the Indian Cenozoic. We determine its taxonomic position on the basis of detailed macromorphological comparison with similar extant and fossil specimens and discuss its palaeoclimatic significance in terms of the present-day distribution of modern analogous species. We assign this Pliocene winged fruit specimen to the morphogenus Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta Manchester and describe it as a new species, namely Palaeocarya indica Hazra, Hazra M & Khan sp. nov. Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta has rich fossil records from the Cenozoic sediments of Europe, North America, and eastern Asia (China, Korea), but the modern analog, Engelhardia, is presently native only to India and neighboring Southeast Asia. We discuss the possible causes of disappearance of Engelhardia from the present-day vegetation of Chotanagpur Plateau. Its disappearance may be related to the gradual intensification of monsoonal rainfall seasonality since the Pliocene. Here, we also review in detail the biogeographic history of Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta and suggest its possible migration routes. 相似文献
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Sandeep Rai Bidhubhusan Mahapatra Subhashish Sircar Pinnamaneni Yujwal Raj Srinivasan Venkatesh Mohammed Shaukat Bharat Bhusan Rewari 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Introduction
Research in India has extensively examined the factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) with limited focus on examining the relationship between adherence to ART regimen and survival status of HIV infected patients. This study examines the effect of optimal adherence to ART on survival status of HIV infected patients attending ART centers in Jharkhand, India.Materials and Methods
Data from a cohort of 239 HIV infected individuals who were initiated ART in 2007 were compiled from medical records retrospectively for 36 months. Socio-demographic characteristics, CD4 T cell count, presence of opportunistic infections at the time of ART initiation and ART regimen intake and survival status was collected periodically. Optimal adherence was assessed using pill count methods; patients who took <95% of the specified regimens were identified as non-adherent. Cox-proportional hazard model was used to determine the relative hazards of mortality.Results
More than three-fourths of the patients were male, on an average 34 year old and median CD4 T cell count was 118 cells/cmm at the time of ART registration. About 57% of the patients registered for ART were found to be adherent to ART. A total of 104 patients died in 358.5 patient-years of observation resulting in a mortality rate of 29 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.9–35.2) and median survival time of 6.5 months (CI: 2.7–10.9). The mortality rate was higher among patients who were non-adherent to ART (64.5, CI: 50.5–82.4) than who were adherent (15.4, CI: 11.3–21.0). The risk of mortality was fourfold higher among individuals who were non-adherent to ART than who were adherent (Adjusted hazard ratio: 3.9, CI: 2.6–6.0).Conclusion
Adherence to ART is associated with a higher chance of survival of HIV infected patients, ascertaining the need for interventions to improve the ART adherence and early initiation of ART. 相似文献10.