李拭库蠓生活史的研究(双翅目:蠓科)

在重庆地区所作有关李拭库蠓生活史的研究,观察在实验条件结合自然情况下进行。设计了虫尸培养法,在虫尸培养内幼期处于严格控制的条件下,可以确切地观察卵的孵化、幼虫蜕皮、化蛹和羽化等现象,解决了库蠓变态发育的规律。 李拭库蠓的主要动物宿主是牛和家猪,雌虫吸取血液后糖类对卵巢的发育并不是必需的。9—11.5℃时胃血消化和卵巢发育仍能缓慢地进行。雌虫在20—28℃时一般在吸血后第3—4日间产卵,产卵数为40—213。 幼期发育的时间随温度和食物而改变。虫尸培养,在27±1℃时自卵至成虫为28—44天(卵期3天:第一龄幼虫6—8天:第二龄幼虫5—10天;第三龄幼虫6—9天:第四龄幼虫5一11天;蛹期3天)。当6.8—22℃时,共需101—212天(卵期3—8天;第一龄幼虫9—31天;第二龄幼虫27—35天;第三龄幼虫34—48天:第四龄幼虫25—80天:蛹期3—10天)。夏季室温条件下泥土培养基内自卵至成虫为22—32天。     

嗜热蓝藻优雅粘囊藻藻胆体的特性和别藻蓝蛋白的亚基组成

研究了优雅粘囊藻藻胆体（ＰＢＳ）的特性。从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）、吸收光谱和二阶导数图谱可证明,它的ＰＢＳ含有一种红色藻胆蛋白,两种Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白和三种别藻蓝蛋白。但是,用ＰＡＧＥ和羟基磷灰石柱层析分离和纯化所得藻胆蛋白,一般仅得到一种Ｃ－ＰＣ和一种亚基组成特殊的别藻蓝蛋白ＡＰＣ。这种ＡＰＣ吸收光谱和荧光发射相同于已报告的ＡＦＣ６６０ｎｍ。但是它的亚基组成是（αα′ββ′）２而不是（α′α２β２β′）Ｌｃ１０或（αβ）３。     

同体库蠓幼期的形态(双翅目:蠓科)

同体库蠓Culicoides homotomus Kieffer,1922是马颈盘尾丝虫Onchocerca cervicalis的媒介昆虫,刺叮人类时致病性很强,可引起过敏性休克。本种首先在台湾省发现,解放后证实分布很广遍及全国,是我国的重要吸血蠓种。成虫虽已描述,但幼期尚未见诸记载。掌握幼期形态,不仅是研究种的生物学的必要基础。更是防制措施中,“防小”、“防早”工作中的重要问题。 我们在生活史研究(裘、荣,1974)和孳生地中获得大量的标本。就此作了较为深入的观察和描述,并发现了库蠓幼期过去未曾报道过的一些结构。文内幼虫构造名称以Lawson,1951;JoblirLg,1953为主要依据。蛹结构命名和本文观察方法与台湾铗蠓相同(裘、荣,1980)。     

Alterations in the phosphodiesterase type 5 pathway and oxidative stress correlate with erectile function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

To explore how alterations in the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) signalling pathway and oxidative stress correlate with changes in the expression of relaxation and contraction molecules and erectile dysfunction (ED) in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this study, SHR and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were used. Erectile function was determined by apomorphine test and electrical stimulation (ES) of cavernous nerve. Masson''s trichrome staining and confocal microscopy were performed. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), PDE5, phosphorylated‐PDE5 and α1‐adrenergic receptor (α1AR) were determined by RT‐PCR and Western blotting while oxidative stress in CC was determined by colorimetric analysis. SHR exhibited obvious ED. CC of SHR showed less SM but more collagen fibres. The expression of NOS isoforms in SHR was significantly decreased while all α1AR isoforms were increased. In addition, PDE5 and phosphorylated‐PDE5 were down‐regulated and its activity attenuated in the hypertensive rats. Meanwhile, the SHR group suffered oxidative stress, which may be modulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase up‐regulation. Dysregulation of NOS and α1AR, histological changes and oxidative stress in CC may be associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension‐induced ED. In addition, PDE5 down‐regulation may lead to the decreased efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in some hypertensive ED patients and treatment of oxidative stress could be used as a new therapeutic target for this type of ED.     

不明原因肝功能异常患者的临床诊断思维

目的：建立不明原因肝功能异常患者的临床诊断思维以提高疑难肝病的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析我院收治的4例不明原因肝功能异常患者的临床资料及诊治经过,并复习相关文献。结果：导致肝功能异常的病因虽极为复杂但通过详细询问病史,进行细致全面的体格检查以及必要的实验室和辅助检查,慎重采取诊断性治疗措施,提高少见病例对诊断影响的认识,绝大多数的病因可以查明。结论：不明原因肝功能异常患者的临床表现多样,病因复杂,建立相应的临床诊断思维可减少误诊和漏诊。     

Association between P16INK4a Promoter Methylation and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Aberrant methylation of CpG islands acquired in tumor cells in promoter regions plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Accumulated evidence demonstrates P^16INK4a gene promoter hypermethylation is involved in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), indicating it may be a potential biomarker for this disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of P^16INK4a gene promoter methylation between cancer tissue and autologous controls by summarizing published studies.

Methods

By searching Medline, EMBSE and CNKI databases, the open published studies about P^16INK4a gene promoter methylation and NSCLC were identified using a systematic search strategy. The pooled odds of P^16INK4A promoter methylation in lung cancer tissue versus autologous controls were calculated by meta-analysis method.

Results

Thirty-four studies, including 2 652 NSCLC patients with 5 175 samples were included in this meta-analysis. Generally, the frequency of P^16INK4A promoter methylation ranged from 17% to 80% (median 44%) in the lung cancer tissue and 0 to 80% (median 15%) in the autologous controls, which indicated the methylation frequency in cancer tissue was much higher than that in autologous samples. We also find a strong and significant correlation between tumor tissue and autologous controls of P^16INK4A promoter methylation frequency across studies (Correlation coefficient 0.71, 95% CI:0.51–0.83, P<0.0001). And the pooled odds ratio of P^16INK4A promoter methylation in cancer tissue was 3.45 (95% CI: 2.63–4.54) compared to controls under random-effect model.

Conclusion

Frequency of P^16INK4a promoter methylation in cancer tissue was much higher than that in autologous controls, indicating promoter methylation plays an important role in carcinogenesis of the NSCLC. Strong and significant correlation between tumor tissue and autologous samples of P^16INK4A promoter methylation demonstrated a promising biomarker for NSCLC.     

Secondary galling: a novel feeding strategy among ‘non‐pollinating’ fig wasps from Ficus curtipes

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胃大部切除术后消化性溃疡患者残胃癌危险因素分析及其干预措施

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