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1.
Madhusoodana P. Nambiar Tatsuya Oda Chaohua Chen Yasuo Kuwazuru Henry C. Wu 《Journal of cellular physiology》1993,154(2):222-228
The intracellular pathway following receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholera toxin was studied using brefeldin A (BFA), which inhibited protein secretion and induced dramatic morphological changes in the Golgi region. In both mouse Y1 adrenal cells and CHO cells, BFA at 1 μg/ml caused a 80–90% inhibition of the cholera toxin (CT)-elevation of intracellular cAMP. The inhibition of the cytotoxicity of CT by BFA was also observed in a rounding assay of Y1 adrenal cells. The inhibition of CT cytotoxicity by BFA was dose dependent, with the ID50 value similar to the LD50 of BFA in Y1 adrenal cells. Binding and internalization of [125I]-cholera toxin in Y1 adrenal cells was not affected by BFA. Unlike the BFA-sensitive cell lines such as Y1 adrenal and CHO cells, BFA at 1 μg/ml did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of CT in PtK1 cells, of which the Golgi structure was BFA-resistant. These results strongly suggest that a BFA-sensitive Golgi is required for the protection of CT cytotoxicity by BFA. In contrast, elevation of the intracellular cAMP by forskolin, which acts directly on the plasma membrane adenylate cyclase, was not affected by BFA. These observations indicate that the intoxication of target cells by CT requires an intact Golgi region for its intracellular trafficking and/or processing. In this respect, CT shares a common intracellular pathway with ricin, Pseudomonas toxin, and modeccin, even though their structures and modes of action are very different. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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The galactose-binding lectin of human Placenta has been Purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatograPhy on asialo-fetuin
column. The Protein, extractable from the tissue only with lactose is aPParently membrane-bound. Molecular weight determination
of native Protein and subunit indicated a dimer of l3.4 kDa subunits. Inhibition of haemagglutination with various saccharides
indicate that thiodigalactoside is the best inhibitor followed by lactose. However,P-nitroPhenyl-and 1-O-methyl derivatives of galactose showed that α-anomers inhibited slightly better than β-anomer. Modification
of amino acid residues indicated involvement of arginine, lysine and histidine residues at the saccharidebinding site. Cysteine
residue modificatioin also abolished haemagglutinating activity. Amino acid comPosition of the lectin is also Presented. 相似文献
4.
E. K. Sadanandan Nambiar 《Plant and Soil》1983,71(1-3):37-47
Summary In south-east Australia, where radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) is grown on sandy soils low in nutrients and short of water, early establishment, and rapid growth to canopy closure lead to increased productivity. At this stage demands for nutrients and water are high, and trees respond vigorously to silvicultural inputs.For several months after transplanting in winter roots are confined within a narrow planting wedge, low temperature restricts new root growth and slows recovery from water stress in plants. From spring, depending upon the configuration and vigour of the roots transplanted, lateral roots extend radially throughout the soil.Although there were small decreases in concentration of roots radially from the stems of very young trees, such spatial differences disappeared between ages 2 and 3, so that rooting density was independent of distance from the stem. The pattern of vertical distribution of lateral roots was not influenced by age and 80–90% of the lateral roots were within the top 30 cm soil. Roots developed rapidly as the trees grew towards canopy closure, but in general the rooting densities of these pines are among the lowest reported for plants. In rapidly growing trees approaching canopy closure, the secondary thickening of the lateral roots was sufficient to double the weight of roots without altering root length.Knowledge about root growth and root configuration during the early phase of plantation development will assist management decisions where intensive silviculture is practiced, and hence ensure the most efficient use of nutrients and water. 相似文献
5.
Synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 2-thiopyrimidine residues--a new protection scheme.
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A method is described for the incorporation of 2'-deoxy-2-thiouridine (dS2U) and 2'-deoxy-2-thiothymidine (dS2T) into oligodeoxynucleotides at predetermined positions. This requires N3 or O4-acylation of dS2U and dS2T with toluoyl chloride. These base-protected thiopyrimidines are completely stable toward the aqueous iodine oxidation reagent used in the phosphoramidite DNA synthesis method. The toluoyl protecting group is removed during the standard post-synthetic ammonia treatment. This novel protection strategy allows dS2U and dS2T to be efficiently incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides at predetermined sites without the usual problem of desulfurization and decomposition. Several 14-mers containing the Eco-RI recognition site (dGGCGGAAXXCCGCC and dGGCGGAAXXCGCGG, where X represents dT, dS2U or dS2T) have been synthesized and characterized by base composition, thermal denaturation, CD spectroscopy and endonuclease substrate activity. 相似文献
6.
Neeru Jain Shruti Gupta Shashi B. Babbar 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》1997,6(2):129-131
Isubgol, the mucilaginous husk derived from the seeds of Plantago ovata, has been successfully used as a gelling agent for microbial culture media. As illustrative examples, fast growing symbiotic bacterium, Rhizobium meliloti and saprophytic fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum were cultured on media gelled with either Isubgol or agar. All the three microbes employed in the study exhibited normal growth when cultured on their respective media gelled with Isubgol. Rather, Isubgol gelled medium appears to promote the growth of bacterial cultures as the colonies on this medium were denser than the corresponding ones on the medium gelled with agar. Likewise, on Isubgol gelled medium, sporulation in both the fungi took place earlier than on the medium gelled with agar, thus indicating the promotive influence of the former gelling agent. 相似文献
7.
6-Fluorocholesterol supports the growth of the sterol-requiring yeast mutant GL7 albeit less efficiently than cholesterol or ergosterol. When the fluoro analogue is combined with very much smaller amounts of cholesterol, the growth response to the sterol pair is synergistic, i.e., greater than additive. On further addition of trace amounts of ergosterol to the 6-fluorocholesterol-cholesterol pair, an additional synergistic growth response is observed. On 6-fluorocholesterol alone, the growth rate of the yeast mutant is slow initially, but after several transfers of such cells to the same media containing the fluoro analogue, growth improves substantially. When incorporated into artificial membranes, cholesterol and its 6-fluoro analogue have essentially identical effects on membrane fluidity as judged from microviscosity measurements. The contrasting responses of artificial membranes and whole cells to the 6-fluoro analogue of cholesterol might be due to sterol-protein interactions in natural membranes. 相似文献
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9.
Tara C. Smith Peter C. Fridy Yinyin Li Shruti Basil Sneha Arjun Ryan M. Friesen John Leszyk Brian T. Chait Michael P. Rout Elizabeth J. Luna 《Molecular biology of the cell》2013,24(23):3603-3619
Cytokinesis, the process by which cytoplasm is apportioned between dividing daughter cells, requires coordination of myosin II function, membrane trafficking, and central spindle organization. Most known regulators act during late cytokinesis; a few, including the myosin II–binding proteins anillin and supervillin, act earlier. Anillin''s role in scaffolding the membrane cortex with the central spindle is well established, but the mechanism of supervillin action is relatively uncharacterized. We show here that two regions within supervillin affect cell division: residues 831–1281, which bind central spindle proteins, and residues 1–170, which bind the myosin II heavy chain (MHC) and the long form of myosin light-chain kinase. MHC binding is required to rescue supervillin deficiency, and mutagenesis of this site creates a dominant-negative phenotype. Supervillin concentrates activated and total myosin II at the furrow, and simultaneous knockdown of supervillin and anillin additively increases cell division failure. Knockdown of either protein causes mislocalization of the other, and endogenous anillin increases upon supervillin knockdown. Proteomic identification of interaction partners recovered using a high-affinity green fluorescent protein nanobody suggests that supervillin and anillin regulate the myosin II and actin cortical cytoskeletons through separate pathways. We conclude that supervillin and anillin play complementary roles during vertebrate cytokinesis. 相似文献
10.
Timothy A. McCaffrey Constantine Tziros Jannet Lewis Richard Katz Robert Siegel William Weglicki Jay Kramer I. Tong Mak Ian Toma Liang Chen Elizabeth Benas Alexander Lowitt Shruti Rao Linda Witkin Yi Lian Yinglei Lai Zhaoqing Yang Sidney W. Fu 《International journal of biological sciences》2013,9(4):350-360