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Utzinger J Müller I Vounatsou P Singer BH N'Goran EK Tanner M 《The Journal of parasitology》2003,89(4):686-692
Schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths currently infect a third of the world's human population. An important feature of these parasitic infections is their focal distribution, which has significant implications for control. Only a few studies have been carried out at the microepidemiological scale, comparing infection levels among individuals or households within a single village. In this study, data are presented from a cross-sectional survey, examining all children attending a primary school in rural C?te d'Ivoire over several consecutive days for Schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths, and intestinal protozoa. All houses in the main village were mapped, and school children were linked to these households for small-area spatial analyses. Comparison between the 260 school children who live within the main village and the 89 children who reside in nearby settlements revealed significant differences in the overall prevalence and intensity of infections with S. mansoni and hookworm, confirming the focal nature of these 2 parasites. On the other hand, S. mansoni and hookworm infections exhibited random spatial patterns within the main village. The validity of these results is discussed in the context of this epidemiological setting, drawing attention to the issue of scale. Our findings have direct implications for intervention because they call for a uniform, community-wide approach to control schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Implementation can be relatively straightforward, and the proposed control approach might be cost-effective and prove sustainable. 相似文献
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Sounigo O Lachenaud P Bastide P Cilas C N'Goran J Lanaud C 《Journal of applied genetics》2003,44(3):339-353
In order to evaluate twelve doubled haploids (DHs) of Theobroma cacao L. used as parents, a trial was set up in C?te d'Ivoire. Several traits were observed, such as yield, vigour, yield/vigour ratios, resistance to the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora, percentage of flat beans and mean weight of 100 cocoa beans. Out of the three progenies derived from crosses between two DHs, two showed severe drawbacks. A reduction of the heterogeneity within these progenies was occasionally observed for some of the traits, but failed to be consistent. When tested as female parents in combination with diploid testers, some of the DHs showea significantly higher combining value than their parents for traits such as the mean weight of 100 beans and the yield/canopy surface ratio. The results showed the potential of DHs to improve selected parents in only one cycle of selection but more crosses between two DHs need to be tested in order to evaluate potential of the resulting F(1) progenies. 相似文献
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Becker SL Sieto B Silué KD Adjossan L Koné S Hatz C Kern WV N'Goran EK Utzinger J 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2011,5(8):e1292
Background
Infections with Strongyloides stercoralis and other helminths represent important, yet often neglected issues in developing countries. Indeed, strongyloidiasis can be fatal, but only a few studies provide information regarding its health relevance in Africa. Moreover, clinical data on symptomatology and typical recognition patterns mainly originate from Western travel clinics.Methodology
A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out in a rural part of south-central Côte d''Ivoire. Stool samples from 292 randomly selected individuals were examined for intestinal helminths, using a suite of diagnostic techniques (i.e., Kato-Katz, Baermann funnel, and Koga agar plate). Participants were interviewed with a pre-tested questionnaire and clinically examined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to relate perceived morbidity and clinical findings to helminth infection status.Principal Findings
The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis was 51.0% and 12.7%, respectively. Both infections were strongly associated with each other (adjusted odds ratio, 6.73; P<0.001) and higher prevalences were observed with age. S. stercoralis-infected individuals expressed self-reported morbidity considerably more often than those with hookworm infection. Clinical examination identified high prevalences of various pathologies and detected tendencies to worse health conditions in helminth-infected subjects.Conclusions/Significance
The use of multiple diagnostic tools showed that S. stercoralis and hookworm are co-endemic in rural Côte d''Ivoire and that each infection causes clinical symptoms and sequelae. Our findings are important for (re-)estimating the burden of helminth infections, and highlight the need for integrating epidemiological surveys, rigorous diagnostic approaches, and clinical assessments in the developing world. 相似文献9.
The presence of researchers, ecotourists or rangers inside protected areas is generally assumed to provide a protective effect for wildlife populations, mainly by reducing poaching pressure. However, this assumption has rarely been empirically tested. Here, we evaluate and quantify the conservation benefits of the presence of a long-term research area in Taï National Park, Côte d''Ivoire. A wildlife survey following 225 km of line transects revealed considerably higher primate and duiker encounter rates within the research area when compared with adjacent areas. This positive effect was particularly pronounced for threatened and over-harvested species, such as the endangered red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius). This pattern was clearly mirrored by a reversed gradient in signs of poaching, which decreased towards and inside the research area, a trend that was also supported with park-wide data. This study demonstrates that even relatively simple evidence-based analytical approaches can bridge the gap between conservation theory and practice. In addition, it emphasizes the value of establishing long-term research sites as an integral part of protected area management. 相似文献
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Thomas F��rst Kigbafori D. Silu�� Mamadou Ouattara Dje N. N'Goran Lukas G. Adiossan Yao N'Guessan Fabian Zouzou Siaka Kon�� Eli��zer K. N'Goran J��rg Utzinger 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(10)