Adventitious shoots were formed through callus on leaf explants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (River red gum) taken from shoot cultures of mature trees. Callus formed in dark on a medium containing 1 g/l casein hydrolysate, 3 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and 50 g/l sucrose. Shoot initiation occurred in 4 weeks on calli shifted to light on a regeneration medium containing 10% coconut milk, 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and 20 g/l sucrose. Rooting occured in dark on a liquid medium containing 4 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Zygotic embryos of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook f. (Lemon scented gum) cultured in dark on a medium containing 3 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 50 g/l sucrose formed somatic embryoids which grew to normal plantlets on the same regeneration medium used for organogenesis.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzyladenine
- CH
Casein hydrolysate
- CM
Coconut Milk
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
NCL Communication no. 4162 相似文献
Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, remains a significant global health concern. For decades, genetic intractability and limited tools hindered our ability to study essential proteins and pathways in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite associated with the most severe malaria cases. However, recent years have seen major leaps forward in the ability to genetically manipulate P. falciparum parasites and conditionally control protein expression/function. The conditional knockdown systems used in P. falciparum target all 3 components of the central dogma, allowing researchers to conditionally control gene expression, translation, and protein function. Here, we review some of the common knockdown systems that have been adapted or developed for use in P. falciparum. Much of the work done using conditional knockdown approaches has been performed in asexual, blood-stage parasites, but we also highlight their uses in other parts of the life cycle and discuss new ways of applying these systems outside of the intraerythrocytic stages. With the use of these tools, the field’s understanding of parasite biology is ever increasing, and promising new pathways for antimalarial drug development are being discovered. 相似文献
With the increasing threat of environmental toxicants including biological and chemical warfare agents, fabricating innovative biomimetic systems to detect these harmful agents is critically important. With the broad objective of developing such a biosensor, here we report the construction of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain containing the primary components of the mammalian olfactory signaling pathway. In this engineered yeast strain, WIF-1alpha, olfactory receptor signaling is coupled to green fluorescent protein expression. Using this 'olfactory yeast', we screened for olfactory receptors that could report the presence of the odorant 2,4-dinitrotoluene, an explosive residue mimic. With this approach, we have identified the novel rat olfactory receptor Olfr226, which is closely related to the mouse olfactory receptors Olfr2 and MOR226-1, as a 2,4-dinitrotoluene-responsive receptor. 相似文献
As the services provided by cloud vendors are providing better performance, achieving auto-scaling, load-balancing, and optimized performance along with low infrastructure maintenance, more and more companies migrate their services to the cloud. Since the cloud workload is dynamic and complex, scheduling the jobs submitted by users in an effective way is proving to be a challenging task. Although a lot of advanced job scheduling approaches have been proposed in the past years, almost all of them are designed to handle batch jobs rather than real-time workloads, such as that user requests are submitted at any time with any amount of numbers. In this work, we have proposed a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based job scheduler that dispatches the jobs in real time to tackle this problem. Specifically, we focus on scheduling user requests in such a way as to provide the quality of service (QoS) to the end-user along with a significant reduction of the cost spent on the execution of jobs on the virtual instances. We have implemented our method by Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) model, and our experimental results demonstrate that our approach can significantly outperform the commonly used real-time scheduling algorithms.
We previously reported that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)] is metabolized into 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)-3-epi-D(3)] in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes. We now report that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-3-epi-D(3) itself is further metabolized in human keratinocytes into several polar metabolites. One of the polar metabolite was unequivocally identified as 1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D(3) by mass spectrometry and its sensitivity to sodium periodate. Three of the polar metabolites were identified as 1alpha,24,25-trihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D(3), 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-3-epi-vitamin D(3) and 1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-3-epi-vitamin D(3) by comigration with authentic standards on both straight and reverse phase HPLC systems. In addition to the polar metabolites, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-3-epi-D(3) was also metabolized into two less polar metabolites. A possible structure of either 1alphaOH-3-epi-D(3)-20,25-cyclic ether or 1alphaOH-3-epi-D(3)-24,25-epoxide was assigned to one of the less polar metabolites through mass spectrometry. Thus, we indicate for the first time that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-3-epi-D(3) is metabolized in neonatal human keratinocytes not only via the same C-24 and C-23 oxidation pathways like its parent, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3); but also is metabolized into a less polar metabolite via a pathway that is unique to 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-3-epi-D(3). 相似文献