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1.
2.
Kristel Van Steen Nadia Tahri Geert Molenberghs 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2004,46(2):187-202
Until recently, the most common parametric approaches to study the combined effects of several genetic polymorphisms located within a gene or in a small genomic region are, at the genotype level, logistic regressions and at the haplotype level, haplotype analyses. An alternative modeling approach, based on the case/control principle, is to regard exposures (e.g., genetic data such as derived from Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms – SNPs) as random and disease status as fixed and to use a marginal multivariate model that accounts for inter‐relationships between exposures. One such model is the multivariate Dale model. This model is based on multiple logistic regressions. That is why the model, applied in a case/control setting, leads to straightforward interpretations that are similar to those drawn in a classical logistic modeling framework. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
3.
Freshly harvested seeds of Agrostemma githago L. do not germinate when they are imbibed at 20°C. The block is located in the embryo and is relased by dry storage at 20°C (after-ripening). Freshly harvested seeds complete only a small part of the processes that occur in after-ripened seeds during the lag phase prior to germination (radicle protrusion). After-ripening removed the block on lag phase processes much faster than the block on germination. This was shown both by direct determinations of the completion of lag phase processes and by measurements of the rate of axial protein synthesis, which approximately doubles when seeds are progressing through the lag phase. It is concluded that the percentage germination does not adequately reflect the extent to which the dormancy mechanism has been overcome. 相似文献
4.
M de Hoop S Asgeirsdottir M Blaauw M Veenhuis J Cregg M Gleeson A B Geert 《Protein engineering》1991,4(7):821-829
Alcohol oxidase of methylotrophic yeast is an FAD-containing enzyme. When in its active form, the enzyme is an octamer and located in the peroxisomes. To study the importance of FAD-binding on the activity, octamerization and intracellular localization of the enzyme, alcohol oxidase of Hansenula polymorpha was mutated in its presumed nucleotide-binding domain, which is formed by the N-terminal sequence. Whereas mutations of a glutamic acid residue (E42) reduced the stability of the octamer, it hardly affected enzyme activity and expression. However, replacements of three conserved glycines (G13, G15 and G18) and a conserved glutamic acid (E39) within the fold had severe effects. The mutations not only resulted in loss of enzyme activity but in reduced protein levels as well, probably due to decreased stability of the mutant alcohol oxidase. However, octamerization of the protein still occurred. The existence of inactive octameric proteins provides information about the formation pathway of this octameric flavoprotein. 相似文献
5.
Metastasis is a major, life-threatening complication of cancer. The bloodstream is the most important disseminative route
for cancer cells liberated from their parent tumors. Single circulating cancer cells are arrested in the microvasculature,
where the vast majority are killed by rapid or slow processes, and the relatively few survivors grow into micrometastases.
We review the underlying causes of one type of rapid cancer cell death in the microcirculation, namely, that caused by biomechanical
interactions of cancer cells with microvessel walls, which may result in cell surface membrane expansion and lethal rupture.
These lethal interactions appear to be important rate-regulators in hematogenous metastasis, and to dictate some aspects of
metastatic patterns. Although these are not the only interactions involving cancer cells, in contrast to others involving
cellular and humoral defense mechanisms, they have received comparatively little attention. 相似文献
6.
The volatile organic compounds produced during a sequence of soil incubations under controlled conditions, with either added NH4
+-N or NO3
--N, were collected and identified. The nature and relative amounts of the volatile organic compounds produced by the microorganisms in the soils were remarkably reproducible and consistent. 相似文献
7.
An ecosystems approach to base-rich freshwater wetlands,with special reference to fenlands 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Geert van Wirdum 《Hydrobiologia》1993,265(1-3):129-153
A survey of base-rich wetlands in The Netherlands is presented. The main area of their occurrence is the low-lying Holocene
part of the country, until some thousand years ago a large and coherent wetland landscape: the Holland wetland. The development
of various parts of the Holland wetland into marshes, fens and bogs can be understood from hydrological relations in mire
basins, as recognized in the distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary mire basin stages. Presently, the remnants of
the Holland wetland are separate base-rich wetlands. The succession of their vegetation reflects various abiotic conditions
and human influences. Three main developmental periods are distinguished as regards these factors. The first, geological period
of mire development is seen as a post-glacial relaxation, with the inertia due to the considerable mass of wetland as a stabilizing
factor. Biological “grazing” influences, as an aspect of utilization by humans, converted base-rich wetlands to whole new
types in the second, historical period. Presently, mass and harvesting have decreased in importance, and actual successions
in terrestrializing turbaries seem to reflect rapidly changing environmental conditions. Human control could well become the
most important factor in the future development of wetland nature. The present value of open fen vegetation strongly depends
on the continuation of the historical harvesting. The development of wooded fen may help to increase the mass of wetland in
the future. Best results in terms of biodiversity are expected when their base state is maintained through water management.
The vegetation and hydrology of floating fens in terrestrializing turbaries is treated in some more detail. Various lines
and phases in the succession are distinguished. Open fen vegetation at base-rich, yet nutrient-poor sites is very rich in
species threatened elsewhere. The fast acidification of certain such fens is attributed to hydrological and management factors.
This acidification is illustrated in the profile of a floating raft sample. At the scale of these small fens, the elemental
structure comprising base-rich fen, transitional fen and bog vegetation, is not as stable as it was in the large Holland wetland.
A critical role seems to be played by the supply of bases with the water influx. The changing base state is supposed to change
the nutrient cycling to such an extent that it would be correct to call this trophic excitation of the ecosystem, rather than
just eutrophication. Eutrophication indicates a quantitative reaction to an increased nutrient supply, the internal system
being unaltered. The drainage of fens, resulting in an increased productivity of the vegetation, provides another example
of excitation, to the effect that the functional system is dramatically changed internally. 相似文献
8.
9.
From cells of Mucuna pruriens, grown in suspension, a monophenol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1) was purified to homogeneity, as deduced from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme appeared to have a native molecular weight of 90000±5000 dalton, and consisted of two subunits, each of 42000±1000 dalton. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for specific measurement of catecholes, was used to determine separately the tyrosinehydroxylating and catecholase activities of the enzyme. For the enzymatic activities, pH optima of, respectively, 7.5 and 5.5–6.5 were found; the effects of some inhibitors on both activities appeared to be different. Michaelis-Menten characteristics for some mono-and o-dihydroxysubstrates were determined.Abbreviations DEAE
diethylaminoethyl
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- L-DOPA
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine 相似文献
10.
Geert L. M. van Rens Frans A. Hol Wilfried W. de Jong Hans Bloemendal 《Journal of molecular evolution》1991,33(5):457-463
Summary The eye lens-crystallins in cow and chicken are encoded by a family of at least six genes. In order to assess the distribution of the corresponding genes among other vertebrates we hybridized -crystallin sequences (A2, A3/A1, A4, B1, B2, B3), isolated from a bovine lens cDNA library, to Southern blots on whichEcoR1-digested chromosomal DNA was blotted from different vertebrate species. These included human, chimpanzee, calf, rat, pigeon, duck, monitor lizard, toad, trout, and lamprey. Positive hybridization signals were found in the representatives of virtually all classes of vertebrates. The basic B-crystallins gave hybridization signals in more species than the acidic A ones. In monitor lizard and toad the weakest hybridization signals for basic crystallin probes were found. For acidic crystallin probes the distribution pattern was more simple; among cold-blooded vertebrates a signal for A2 was found in trout and lamprey, for A4 in trout, and for A3/A1 only in toad. The results demonstrate that the duplications leading to the -crystallin gene family occurred before or during the earliest stages of vertebrate evolution. 相似文献