全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1201篇 |
免费 | 114篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 94篇 |
2013年 | 86篇 |
2012年 | 111篇 |
2011年 | 111篇 |
2010年 | 71篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 74篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 54篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1315条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Summary Bacterial strains identified as Klebsiella pneumonia and Corynebacterium sp. degraded in few hours a great part of pure tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) tannin or crude water extract of tara pods powder. Large amounts of gallic acid were recovered during some experiments reaching 55 % of the theoretical yield in the best case. The feasibility of gallic acid production by a biotechnological process is discussed. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
CNS myelin was isolated from the spinal cord of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi. Its proteins consisted of (1) two basic proteins (16,000 and 18,500 apparent Mr) that reacted with anti-human CNS myelin basic protein antibodies and (2) a major protein (29,000 apparent Mr) that stained with concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase and bound to anti-rat CNS myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) antibodies. This dominant 29,000 Mr protein showed no reaction with antibodies against the major bovine PNS myelin glycoprotein P0. Following treatment with endoglycosidase F the 29,000 Mr protein was reduced in size to a 26,000 apparent Mr component that no longer bound concanavalin A but retained the anti-PLP reactivity. These results agree with a concanavalin A-binding oligosaccharide linked through asparagine to a protein backbone of PLP homology. The major 29,000 Mr lungfish CNS myelin protein was therefore termed g-PLP (glycosylated proteolipid protein). This is the first report demonstrating the occurrence of a PLP-cross-reactive protein in CNS myelin of a fish. It attests to the close phylogenetic relationship of lungfishes to amphibians. Amphibians were previously recognized as the oldest class bearing PLP in its CNS myelin. 相似文献
6.
An epithermal neutron activation method is used to determine the concentration of mineral elements in human dental enamel.
A large number (252) of samples from ancient and modern origins are analyzed. The analytical results are mathematically processed
using a statistical multivariant method. This allows to differentiate deciduous from permanent teeth and decayed from sound
enamel. It is also possible to distinguish the teeth coming from two different necropoles. The origin and the localization
of determined elements in the mineralized part, or in the aqueous-organic part, of enamel is suggested. Their role, as witnessed
in the physiopathological phenomena of dental enamel, is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Genes of theHoxDcomplex related to theDrosophila Abd-Bgene are involved in the morphogenesis of vertebrate paired appendages.Hoxd-11,for instance, is necessary in combination with otherHoxgenes for the proper development of different parts of the tetrapod limbs. Sequence comparisons between the mouse, chicken, and zebrafishHoxd-11loci have revealed the conservation of several blocks of DNA sequence which may be of importance for the regulation ofHoxd-11expression. We have used transgenic mice to show that one of these conserved elements specifically drives expression in a proximal-posterior part of developing forelimbs. Production of mice transgenic for a full fishHoxd-11construct as well as for mouse–fishHoxd-11chimeric constructs shows that the fish counterpart of this sequence is able to elicit expression in mouse forelimbs as well, though in a slightly different domain. However, this fish element requires the presence of the mouse promoter and does not work in its own context. These results are discussed in light of both the control ofHoxdgene expression during limb development and the use of a comparative interspecies approach to understand the regulation of genes involved in vertebrate development. 相似文献
8.
Hui Yang Xiaokang Chen Ruixin Yang Jing Cheng Yong Chen Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten Yu Du 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2023,24(5):399-412
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. A screen of a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as NbMKK5, which is involved in immunity to P. infestans. To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as StMKK5, in the response to P. infestans, we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5-induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK-encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expression, and co-expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK-triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5-StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA- and Eth-signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5-SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to P. infestans via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways. 相似文献
9.
Matthieu Eveillard Valérie Fourel Marie-Claude Bare Sophie Kernéis Marie-Hélène Coconnier Tuomo Karjalainen Pierre Bourlioux Alain L. Servin 《Molecular microbiology》1993,7(3):371-381
Experiments reported in this communication showed that the highly toxinogenic Cd 79685, Cd 4784, and Wilkins Clostridium difficile strains and the moderately toxinogenic FD strain grown in the presence of blood adhere to polarized monolayers of two cultured human intestinal cell lines: the human colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells and the human mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria interacted with well-defined apical microvilli of differentiated Caco-2 cells and that the bacteria strongly bind to the mucus layer that entirely covers the surface of the HT29-MTX cells. The binding of C. difficile to Caco-2 cells developed in parallel with the differentiation features of the Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the protein(s) which constitute C. difficile-binding sites are differentiation-related brush border protein(s). To better define this interaction, we tentatively characterized the mechanism(s) of adhesion of C. difficile with adherence assays. It was shown that heating of C. difficile grown in the presence of blood enhanced the bacterial interaction with the brush border of the enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and the human mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells. A labile surface-associated component was involved in C. difficile adhesion since washes of C. difficile grown in the presence of blood without heat shock decreased adhesion. After heating, washes of C. difficile grown in the presence of blood did not modify adhesion. Analysis of surface-associated proteins of C. difficile subjected to different culture conditions was con-ducted. After growth of C. difficile Cd 79685, Cd 4784, FD and Wilkins strains in the presence of blood and heating, two predominant SDS-extractable proteins with molecular masses of 12 and 27 kDa were observed and two other proteins with masses of 48 and 31 kDa disappeared. Direct involvement of the 12 and 27 kDa surface-associated proteins in the adhe-sion of C. difficile strains was demonstrated by using rat polycolonal antibodies pAb 12 and pAb 27 directed against the 12 and 27kDa proteins. Indeed, adhesion to Caco-2 cell monoiayers of C. difficiie strains grown in the presence of blood, without or with heat-shock, was blocked. Taken together, our results suggest that C. difficiie may utilize blood components as adhesins to adhere to human intestinal cultured cells. 相似文献
10.
Summary -glucosidase production was studied in solid-state cultivation by Aspergillus phoenicis on sugar beet pulps. The experiments were carried out in column incubators aerated with humidified air, at 30 °C. Results of physiological studies showed that the production of -glucosidase from beet pulps in the solid state fermentation required : 70% moisture content, initial pH of about 4, and 107 spores/g substrate. -glucosidase produced under these conditions could be removed from the solid medium with water, or stored in the form of a dried fermented product, for a direct use in the saccharification reactions. 相似文献