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排序方式: 共有253条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
D. Savarit K. M. De Cock R. Schutz S. Konate E. Lackritz A. Bondurand 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1992,305(6852):498-502
OBJECTIVE--To estimate the risk of infection with HIV (HIV 1 or HIV 2, or both) from transfusion of a screened unit of blood in a high prevalence area in west Africa. DESIGN--Retrospective cohort study for January-July 1991. SETTING--National Blood Transfusion Centre, Abidjan, Côte d''Ivoire. SUBJECTS--Repeat donors (5831 units of blood) and first time donors (5076 units) in the first five months of 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence and estimated incidence of HIV infection in repeat and first time donors; estimated rate of potentially infected, HIV antibody negative units; and rate of (false negative) potentially infected units assuming a laboratory test sensitivity of 99%. RESULTS--Overall HIV prevalence was 11.0% in first time donors and 2.1% in repeat donors. In the first seven months of 1991, 29 HIV antibody positive (27 HIV 1, 1 HIV 2, 1 dually reactive) donors with a seronegative unit of blood earlier in the year were identified; 26 had donated blood eight weeks or less before their estimated dates of seroconversion and may have been infectious (minimum rate 26/5831 (4.5/1000 potentially infected units)). Estimated incidence of infection in repeat donors was 1.2-2.5%. Laboratory test insensitivity would result in an estimated 1.1/1000 false negative units from first time donors and 0.2/1000 units from regular donors. The overall rate of potentially infected units (all donors, seroconversions, and errors) was estimated at 5.4-10.6/1000. CONCLUSIONS--The risk of HIV infection from a single unit of blood remains substantial (5.4-10.6/1000 units). To prevent infection from blood transfusion in areas of high incidence and prevalence of HIV all but absolutely essential transfusions should be avoided, and donors with low incidence of HIV infection should be selected. 相似文献
2.
Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Acacia albida Del. in Different Areas of Senegal
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Tahir A. Diop Mamadou Gueye Bernard L. Dreyfus Christian Plenchette Desire G. Strullu 《Applied microbiology》1994,60(9):3433-3436
The influences of seasons, plant age, and physicochemical properties of the soil on surface and deep biological arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus parameters associated with Acacia albida were assessed in different areas of Senegal. More indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules were found in the localities of the Sudano-Guinean zone (Djinaki and Kabrousse) than in those of the Sahelian zone (Louga and Diokoul), and species belonging to the genera Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Sclerocystis prevailed. The numbers of total and viable spores increased more during the rainy season than during the dry season (about 108% more total spores and 262% more viable spores). Similarly, both total and viable spores were more prevalent around young Acacia trees than old trees. However, the intensities of root colonization did not differ in each ecoclimatic zone. 相似文献
3.
Christine Dassargues Mamadou Sanou Grégoire Clerfayt Henry Naveau Edmond-Jacques Nyns 《Biotechnology letters》1992,14(12):1175-1180
Summary Anaerobic fermentation of wheat bran, a model solid substrate, was conducted under non-axenic conditions, in two reactors operated under different modes, all other conditions being strictly identical. The first reactor was a completely-mixed batch reactor. The second reactor was a percolator into which the liquid phase was recirculated in closed loop through the solid substrate acting as a stationary bed. The final yield of fermentation was obtained after 27 days in the completely-mixed batch reactor, and after 14 days only in the percolator. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that numerous micro-organisms adhered to the solid substrate acting as a carrier in the percolator, whereas only very few micro-organisms adhered to the solid substrate in the completely-mixed batch reactor. The results show that obtaining a durable direct contact between micro-organisms and their solid substrate improves the rate of solids degradation. 相似文献
4.
5.
Two populations of Meloidogyne arenaria (race 2, incompatible on peanut) enhanced development of Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) on CBR-resistant peanut cv. NC 3033 in greenhouse factorial experiments. Nematode populations 256 and 486 (0, 10³, 10⁴ eggs per 15-cm pot) were tested in all combinations with Cylindrocladium crotalariae (0, 0.5, 5, 50 microsclerotia per cm³ of soil). Root-rot index increased in the presence of either population. Positions but not slope values of inoculum density-disease curves were changed by both populations, indicating increased efficiency of microsclerotia when peanuts were grown in the presence of these nematodes. Although little or no reproduction occurred with either nematode population on NC 3033, larvae of 256 and 486 penetrated roots. Meloidogyne arenaria 486 did not induce root galls and was not snccessful in establishing feeding sites. Meloidogyne arenaria 256 produced a few very small eliptical galls and had a range of success in establishing a feeding site, varying from no giant cell development to large giant cell with production of a few eggs. 相似文献
6.
Alphonse Ouédraogo Alfred B. Tiono Désiré Kargougou Jean Baptiste Yaro Esperance Ouédraogo Youssouf Kaboré David Kangoye Edith C. Bougouma Adama Gansane Noelie Henri Amidou Diarra Souleymane Sanon Issiaka Soulama Amadou T. Konate Nora L. Watson Valerie Brown Jenny Hendriks Maria Grazia Pau Isabella Versteege Edison Wiesken Jerald Sadoff Issa Nebie Sodiomon B. Sirima 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
Ad35.CS.01 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria candidate vaccine. It is a codon optimized nucleotide sequence representing the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) surface antigen inserted in a replication deficient Adenovirus 35 backbone. A Phase 1a trial has been conducted in the USA in naïve adults and showed that the vaccine was safe. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ascending dosages in sub Saharan Africa.Methods
A double blind, randomized, controlled, dose escalation, phase Ib trial was conducted in a rural area of Balonghin, the Saponé health district (Burkina Faso). Forty-eight healthy adults aged 18-45 years were randomized into 4 cohorts of 12 to receive three vaccine doses (day 0, 28 and 84) of 109, 1010, 5X1010, 1011 vp of Ad35.CS.01 or normal saline by intra muscular injection. Subjects were monitored carefully during the 14 days following each vaccination for non serious adverse events. Severe and serious adverse events were collected throughout the participant study duration (12 months from the first vaccination). Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured on study days 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140.Results
Of the forty-eight subjects enrolled, forty-four (91.7%) received all three scheduled vaccine doses. Local reactions, all of mild severity, occurred in thirteen (27.1%) subjects. Severe (grade 3) laboratory abnormalities occurred in five (10.4%) subjects. One serious adverse event was reported and attributed to infection judged unrelated to vaccine. The vaccine induced both antibody titers and CD8 T cells producing IFNγ and TNFα with specificity to CS while eliciting modest neutralizing antibody responses against Ad35.Conclusion
Study vaccine Ad35.CS.01 at four different dose levels was well-tolerated and modestly immunogenic in this population. These results suggest that Ad35.CS.01 should be further investigated for preliminary efficacy in human challenge models and as part of heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01018459 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01018459 相似文献7.
Vannina González Marrachelli Maria Letizia Mastronardi Mamadou Sarr Raffaella Soleti Daniela Leonetti María Carmen Martínez Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Microparticles are small fragments of the plasma membrane generated after cell stimulation. We recently showed that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is present in microparticles generated from activated/apoptotic human T lymphocytes and corrects endothelial injury through nitric oxide (NO) release. This study investigates whether microparticles bearing Shh correct angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in mice. Male Swiss mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering angiotensin II (0.5 mg/kg/day) or NaCl (0.9%). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured daily during 21 days. After 7 day of minipump implantation, mice received i.v. injections of microparticles (10 µg/ml) or i.p. Shh receptor antagonist cyclopamine (10 mg/kg/2 days) during one week. Angiotensin II induced a significant rise in systolic blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Microparticles reversed angiotensin II-induced hypertension, and cyclopamine prevented the effects of microparticles. Microparticles completely corrected the impairment of acetylcholine- and flow-induced relaxation in vessels from angiotensin II-infused mice. The improvement of endothelial function induced by microparticles was completely prevented by cyclopamine treatment. Moreover, microparticles alone did not modify NO and O2
. - production in aorta, but significantly increased NO and reduced O2
. - productions in aorta from angiotensin II-treated mice, and these effects were blocked by cyclopamine. Altogether, these results show that microparticles bearing Shh correct angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in aorta through a mechanism associated with Shh-induced NO production and reduction of oxidative stress. These microparticles may represent a new therapeutic approach in cardiovascular diseases associated with decreased NO production. 相似文献
8.
Dorsaf Hedhli Olivier Denis Daniel Barkan Mamadou Daffé Michael S. Glickman Kris Huygen 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
The existing vaccine against tuberculosis (M. bovis BCG) exerts some protection against the extrapulmonary forms of the disease, particularly in young children, but is not very effective against the pulmonary form of TB, which often results from the reactivation of a latent M. tuberculosis (M.tb)infection. Among the new approaches in TB vaccine development, live attenuated M.tb mutants are a promising new avenue. Here we report on the vaccine potential of two highly attenuated M.tb mutants, MGM1991 and M.tbhma::hyg (HMA), lacking all oxygenated mycolates in their cell wall. In C57BL/6 mice, stronger Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and IL-17 responses could be induced following subcutaneous vaccination with either of the two mutants, than following vaccination with M. bovis BCG. Significantly more mycobacteria specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ and particularly CD8+ T cells could be detected by intracellular cytokine staining in mice vaccinated with the M.tb mutants. Finally, vaccination with either of the two mutants conferred stronger protection against intratracheal M.tb challenge than vaccination with BCG, as indicated by reduced bacterial replication in lungs at 4 to 12 weeks after challenge. Protection against M. tb dissemination, as indicated by reduced bacterial numbers in spleen, was comparable for both mutants to protection conferred by BCG. 相似文献
9.
Parthasarathi Rath Olivier SaurelMaryelle Tropis Mamadou DafféPascal Demange Alain Milon 《FEBS letters》2013
PorH and PorA are two small peptides that, in complex, form a voltage-dependent ion channel in the outer membrane of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Specific post-translational modifications on PorA and PorH are required for the formation of a functional ion channel. The assignment of PorH proton NMR chemical shifts in DMSO, allowed identifying unambiguously the exact position of the PorH O-mycoloylation on Ser 56 side chain. This was further confirmed by site directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry. Together with the previously published localization of PorA mycoloylation, this provides the complete primary structure characterization of this outer membrane porin. 相似文献
10.
Hammadoum A. Sango Jean Testa Nicolas Meda Benjamin Contrand Mamadou S. Traoré Pascal Staccini Emmanuel Lagarde 《PloS one》2016,11(2)