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1.
2.
Protoplasts were isolated from mesophyll of axenic cultures of grape, Vitis rotundifolia cv. Summit and V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Enzymes effective for protoplast isolation were Macerozyme R-10 (0.5% and 0.1%) and Cellulase Onozuka R-10 (1.0% and 0.5%) for V. rotundifolia and V. vinifera, respectively. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid were essential in the isolation media. Protoplasts were purified using flotation/centrifugation. The protoplasts of V. rotundifolia cultured in Gamborg's B5 basal medium with 2.2 M 6-benzyladenine, 4.5 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.4% agarose gave the best plating efficiency of conditions tried in this study. Cell division occurred within 5 to 6 days and visible microcalli developed within one month. After 6 weeks in culture, microcalli transferred to liquid medium exhibited active callus growth. Protoplasts of V. vinifera cultured under these conditions had similar results.Abbreviations MES
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid monohydrate
- PVP
polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PDS
potassium dextran sulfate
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate 相似文献
4.
Jeffrey R. Hazel Rochelle Carpenter 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1985,155(5):597-602
Summary The phospholipid composition of gill tissue was determined in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) undergoing thermal acclimation between 5°C and 20°C for a period of up to 28 days. Proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE) and cardiolipin (CL) increased during cold acclimation and decreased during warm acclimation; proportions of phosphatidylcholine
(PC) changed in the opposite direction (i.e., decreased during cold acclimation). In contrast, levels of phosphatidylserine,-inositol,
and sphingomyelin did not vary significantly. Thermal modulation of headgroup composition occurred rapidly as reflected by
changes in the ratio of PC-to-PE, which rose significantly from 2.40±0.09 to 2.92±0.09 within 72 h of transfer from 5 to 20°C;
adaptation to 5°C was equally rapid. Proportions of PE changed more rapidly than those of PC during cold adaptation, whereas
the opposite was true during warm acclimation. Both the time course and the direction of the observed changes in phospholipid
composition suggest that such adjustments may contribute to the homeoviscous regulation of membrane properties, particularly
during the initial stages of thermal adaptation. 相似文献
5.
A mass in the neck, facial pain and cranial nerve palsies are the most common presenting symptoms of malignant tumours of the nasopharynx. Surgery is limited to biopsy for histological diagnosis. External irradiation is the treatment of choice, both for the primary lesion and the regional and distant metastases. Illustrative case histories are presented in detail. Experience over a 20-year period demonstrates that a 20% five-year survival rate has been obtained. 相似文献
6.
J. Austin Burns Hazel Y. Wetzstein 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1995,31(2):72-78
Aggregates of globular and pre-globular stage somatic embryos from suspension cultures of pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch) were cultured on solidified media for embryo development. Embryo aggregates and pre-globular stage embryo masses were
given various treatments to further ontologic development. A 2- to 4-wk mild dehydration of the embryo aggregates suppressed
recurrent embryogenesis, promoted development of globular embryos into cotyledonary stage embryos, and enhanced plant development
beyond germination. Fine embryogenic tissue masses filtered from suspension formed cotyledonary-staged embryos when the collection
filters were plated on solified medium. The embryogenic capacity of preglobular stage embryo masses was compared between media
supplemented with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8 000) vs. filter overlays. The filter paper
overlays were not necessary for embryo development. An inverse relationship was found between the number of embryos that developed
and the concentration of polyethylene glycol in the medium. However, this relationship was reversed for ability of embryos
to germinate and develop into a plant. 相似文献
7.
Richard Wales Hazel C. Gorham Khalid Hussain Lynne M. Roberts J. Michael Lord 《Glycoconjugate journal》1994,11(4):274-281
Deleted forms of ricin B chain (RTB) containing only one of the two galactose binding sites were produced inE. coli and targeted to the periplasm by fusion to theompA orompF signal sequences. The proteins were then isolated from the periplasm and their sugar binding properties assessed. Previous studies investigating the properties of such proteins produced inXenopus laevis oocytes suggested that deleted forms of RTB, when not glycosylated, retain their ability to bind simple sugars, unlike the full-length unglycosylated proteins. When produced inE. coli however we found that only one, EB733, of a number of deleted forms of RTB closely related to those previously produced inXenopus laevis oocytes, bound to simple sugars. All of the deletion forms of RTB were found to bind in the asialofetuin binding assay; an assay which has been previously utilized to measure binding of lectins to the terminal galactose residues of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. However, in contrast to glycosylated RTB, binding of the deletion mutants could be competed to only a small degree or not at all with galactose. The only deletion mutant observed to bind to free galactose when produced inE. coli corresponded closely to the complete domain 2 of RTB. It is assumed that this mutant forms a stable structure similar to that of the C-terminal domain in the full-length protein. The structural integrity of EB733 was not only suggested by its sugar binding properties and solubility but also by its consistently higher level of expression and the absence of any apparent susceptibility toE. coli proteases.Abbreviations RTA
ricin toxin A chain
- RTB
ricin toxin B chain
- ER
endoplasmic reticulum
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- IPTG
isopropyl -d-thiogalactopyranoside 相似文献
8.
Summary Embryogenic cultures were initiated from immature pecan zygotic embryos. Explants were induced for one week on Woody Plant Medium with either -naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at 2, 6 or 12 mg/l, then subcultured monthly to fresh basal medium. Observations were made on callus production, embryo formation, and embryo morphology. Somatic embryo morphology and overall callus proliferation were affected by auxin type. Callus proliferation was less extensive and more somatic embryos resembling zygotic embryos were obtained from cultures initiated with -naphthaleneacetic acid than with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was obtained in all auxin treatments. Conversion into plantlets was affected by somatic embryo morphology in that embryos with poorly developed apices exhibited lower percentages of conversion than those with well developed single or multiple apices. Consequently, although more embryos were obtained with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid was the superior auxin for production of somatic embryos more likely to convert into plants.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- WPM
Woody Plant Medium (Lloyd & McCown 1980) 相似文献
9.
Somatic embryos were produced from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) immature zygotic cotyledons. Comparisons were made of the level of -naphthaleneacetic acid during induction, nitrogen formulation of the medium, and photoperiod. Over 70% embryogenesis was obtained regardless of NAA level used. Percent embryogenesis and number of embryos were markedly lower in explants induced on NAA compared to 2,4-D. Embryo production was not greatly affected by either the use of Murashige & Skoog versus Finer & Nagasawa salts or light versus dark culture conditions. However, embryo morphology was noticeably affected by photoperiod. Embryos produced under a 16 h photoperiod were tough, woody and difficult to separate for subsequent germination and conversion. Those produced under a 0-h photoperiod were succulent and pliable.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962)
- B5
Gamborg et al. (1968)
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
- FN
Finer & Nagasawa (1988)
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
10.
Stomatal numbers of soybean and response to water stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
B. R. Buttery C. S. Tan R. I. Buzzell J. D. Gaynor D. C. MacTavish 《Plant and Soil》1993,149(2):283-288
The relationship among stomatal density, photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance, plant growth, bean yield and kaempferol triglucoside (K9) in the leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was examined in two field tests. K9 in the leaves was associated with reduced stomatal density, reduced photosynthetic rate, reduced stomatal conductance, reduced plant weight and lower bean yield. Plants with high stomatal frequency (lacking K9) were better able to take advantage of increased water supply by increasing stomatal conductance (upper surface), transpiration and bean yield. Plants with low stomatal frequency (with K9) were unresponsive to irrigation and in this sense were more tolerant of water stress, but their overall yield was low. 相似文献