Multiomic Metabolic Enrichment Network Analysis Reveals Metabolite–Protein Physical Interaction Subnetworks Altered in Cancer

Metabolism is recognized as an important driver of cancer progression and other complex diseases, but global metabolite profiling remains a challenge. Protein expression profiling is often a poor proxy since existing pathway enrichment models provide an incomplete mapping between the proteome and metabolism. To overcome these gaps, we introduce multiomic metabolic enrichment network analysis (MOMENTA), an integrative multiomic data analysis framework for more accurately deducing metabolic pathway changes from proteomics data alone in a gene set analysis context by leveraging protein interaction networks to extend annotated metabolic models. We apply MOMENTA to proteomic data from diverse cancer cell lines and human tumors to demonstrate its utility at revealing variation in metabolic pathway activity across cancer types, which we verify using independent metabolomics measurements. The novel metabolic networks we uncover in breast cancer and other tumors are linked to clinical outcomes, underscoring the pathophysiological relevance of the findings.     

Highly specialized Cretaceous beetle parasitoids (Ripiphoridae) identified with optimized visualization of microstructures

Extremely miniaturized longipedes insects (body length c. 0.3 mm) embedded in two pieces of Cretaceous amber from Myanmar are described and interpreted. Using inverted fluorescence and light microscopy for detailed analysis of microstructures, the inclusions were identified as primary larvae of the beetle family Ripiphoridae, subfamily Ripidiinae. While the structure of thoracic and abdominal segments including appendages corresponds well with the groundplan known in recent members of Ripidiinae, a curved prosternal ridge with prominent spines (each c. 5 μm), the reduced condition of stemmata and antennae and the lack of sharp mandibles are unique features within the entire family, apparently apomorphies of the longipedes larvae. A sinuate prosternal edge with a dense row of spines (prosternoctenidium) might be homologous with ‘head ctenidia’ in some previously described miniaturized conicocephalate larvae, but further investigation is needed. The morphological differences between the head of longipedes larvae and extant Ripidiinae are interpreted as adaptations to different groups of hosts and life strategies. Palaeoethology of the longipedes larvae is briefly discussed. In addition, the systematic placement of conicocephalate larvae from Canadian, Myanmar and Russian Cretaceous ambers, already interpreted by various authors as primary instars within Coleopterida (assigned to either Strepsiptera or to the coleopteran Tenebrionoidea: Ripiphoridae), is discussed.     

在北纬24°以南的云南永德县发现白蜡虫自然种群

白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes是我国温带重要的林业资源昆虫,其雄虫所产的蜡是轻、重工业,医药等不可缺少的原料,它又是我国传统的出口物资。 关于中国白蜡虫的分布,王辅(1963,1978)认为:在北纬26°以南地区白蜡虫不适其生存。我们于1982年12月—1983年9月,对云南省永德县进行了考察,其结果如下。     

小球藻RubisCO的纯化及其在异养向自养转变过程中的含量变化

经硫酸铵分部沉淀、ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－３００和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析纯化了小球藻ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ,得率为１５％,比活力达１．２３２μｍｏｌＣＯ２ｍｓ－１ｍｉｎ－１,分子量是５００ｋＤ,它和菠菜叶片ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ在分子量、亚基组成和免疫特性等方面相似,反映ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ在高等和低等植物中有较高的同源性。自养小球藻ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ占细胞可溶性蛋白质的２４％。而异养转变后的小球藻细胞内不含ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ。异养小球藻向自养生长转变过程中,２０ｈ后细胞内叶绿素含量逐渐增加,２４ｈ时细胞内出现ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ,２４ｈ后大量增加,至４１ｈ时含量达最高峰;标志着小球藻细胞光合作用能力的恢复和加强。     

A meta-analysis on morphological,physiological and biochemical responses of plants with PGPR inoculation under drought stress

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can help plants to resist drought stress. However, the mechanisms of how PGPR inoculation affect plant status under drought remain incompletely understood. We performed a meta-analysis of plant response to PGPR inoculation by compiling data from 57 PGPR-inoculation studies, including 2, 387 paired observations on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters under drought and well-watered conditions. We compare the PGPR effect on plants performances among different groups of controls and treatments. Our results reveal that PGPR enables plants to restore themselves from drought-stressed to near a well-watered state, and that C4 plants recover better from drought stress than C3 plants. Furthermore, PGPR is more effective underdrought than well-watered conditions in increasing plant biomass, enhancing photosynthesis and inhibiting oxidant damage, and the responses of C4 plants to the PGPR effect was stronger than that of C3 plants under drought conditions. Additionally, PGPR belonging to different taxa and PGPR with different functional traits have varying degrees of drought-resistance effects on plants. These results are important to improve our understanding of the PGPR beneficial effects on enhanced drought-resistance of plants.     

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Genes Related to Spine Development in Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>)

Fruit spine is an important quality trait of cucumber. To better understand the molecular basis of cucumber spine development and function, RNA-Seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in fruit spines of different development stages, namely, 8 days before anthesis (SpBA8), anthesis (SpA) and 8 days after anthesis (SpAA8). Stage-wise comparisons obtained 2,259 (SpBA8 vs. SpA), 4,551 (SpA vs. SpAA8), and 5,290 (SpBA8 vs. SpAA8) DEGs. All the DEGs were classified into eight expression clusters by trend analysis. Among these DEGs, in addition to the Mict, Tril, CsTTG1, CsMYB6, NS, and Tu genes that have been reported to regulate fruit spine formation, we found that the CsHDG11, CsSCL8, CsSPL8, CsZFP6 and CsZFP8 may also be involved in spine development in cucumber. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further research on molecular mechanisms of spine development in cucumber.     

贵州省腹袋属一新种记述(吸虫纲:同盘科)

本文记述寄生于贵州省丹寨县水牛瘤胃内同盘科腹袋亚科腹袋属内吸虫的一个新种,巨盘腹袋吸虫Gastrothylaxmagnadiscussp．nov.,简述了该属的简史,并将新种与该属已有的种类的主要特征列表进行了比较。     

蚕豆(Vicia faba)M染色体DNA复制顺序的研究

真核细胞中,染色体DNA由许多复制子组成。一个复制子所需的复制时间短于S期时长,这意味着染色体DNA的各个复制子并非同时复制,而是按某种先后次序进行复制的。许多学者以人和动物细胞为材料进行了有关染色体DNA复制顺序的研究,但是关于植物染色体DNA复制顺序的研究报道还不很多。植物根端分生组织细胞在周期时长方面差异很大。Evans曾经研究过蚕豆根端细胞染     

粉拟青霉异核性研究

本文通过细胞核染色和遗传分析的方法证明了粉拟青霉的异核性。在遗传分析中采用酶解菌丝细胞壁及原生质体再生的方法,得到了组分同核体;同核体又配接重新形成了与原菌株性状相似的异核体。细胞核染色显示粉拟青霉分生孢子为单细胞多核,结合其它现象,证明了在其生活史中异核性是稳定的。表明该菌田间分离株是永久性异核体。这一现象与已报道的分生孢子为单核的虫生真菌异核现象不同,了解这一现象及其实质对认识该菌生理、菌种改良以及提高野外防治害虫的效果有重要意义。     

金斑夜蛾的研究

为害水稻的金翅夜蛾在赣榆县有三个虫种,即金斑夜蛾(Chrysaspidia festucae L.)、稻金斑夜蛾(C.festata G.)各C.major W.,以第一种发生较多。本文着重报道该虫在赣榆的发生和危害情况。其幼虫主要危害水稻和小麦,并取食稗草、看麦娘等禾本科杂草,以及莎草科和香蒲科植物,每年发生4代,以低龄幼虫在麦田越冬,来年以第一代为害水稻最重。 造成本地大发生的原因有三:1.连续数年夏季没有酷暑;2.越冬代蛾量基数大;3.有丰富的紫云英和苕子等蜜源植物。1976年第一代幼虫大发生,就是同时具备上述三个条件造成的。 探讨了测报途径和方法。