在北纬24°以南的云南永德县发现白蜡虫自然种群

白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes是我国温带重要的林业资源昆虫,其雄虫所产的蜡是轻、重工业,医药等不可缺少的原料,它又是我国传统的出口物资。 关于中国白蜡虫的分布,王辅(1963,1978)认为:在北纬26°以南地区白蜡虫不适其生存。我们于1982年12月—1983年9月,对云南省永德县进行了考察,其结果如下。     

小球藻RubisCO的纯化及其在异养向自养转变过程中的含量变化

经硫酸铵分部沉淀、ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－３００和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析纯化了小球藻ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ,得率为１５％,比活力达１．２３２μｍｏｌＣＯ２ｍｓ－１ｍｉｎ－１,分子量是５００ｋＤ,它和菠菜叶片ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ在分子量、亚基组成和免疫特性等方面相似,反映ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ在高等和低等植物中有较高的同源性。自养小球藻ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ占细胞可溶性蛋白质的２４％。而异养转变后的小球藻细胞内不含ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ。异养小球藻向自养生长转变过程中,２０ｈ后细胞内叶绿素含量逐渐增加,２４ｈ时细胞内出现ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ,２４ｈ后大量增加,至４１ｈ时含量达最高峰;标志着小球藻细胞光合作用能力的恢复和加强。     

贵州省腹袋属一新种记述(吸虫纲:同盘科)

本文记述寄生于贵州省丹寨县水牛瘤胃内同盘科腹袋亚科腹袋属内吸虫的一个新种,巨盘腹袋吸虫Gastrothylaxmagnadiscussp．nov.,简述了该属的简史,并将新种与该属已有的种类的主要特征列表进行了比较。     

蚕豆(Vicia faba)M染色体DNA复制顺序的研究

真核细胞中,染色体DNA由许多复制子组成。一个复制子所需的复制时间短于S期时长,这意味着染色体DNA的各个复制子并非同时复制,而是按某种先后次序进行复制的。许多学者以人和动物细胞为材料进行了有关染色体DNA复制顺序的研究,但是关于植物染色体DNA复制顺序的研究报道还不很多。植物根端分生组织细胞在周期时长方面差异很大。Evans曾经研究过蚕豆根端细胞染     

粉拟青霉异核性研究

本文通过细胞核染色和遗传分析的方法证明了粉拟青霉的异核性。在遗传分析中采用酶解菌丝细胞壁及原生质体再生的方法,得到了组分同核体;同核体又配接重新形成了与原菌株性状相似的异核体。细胞核染色显示粉拟青霉分生孢子为单细胞多核,结合其它现象,证明了在其生活史中异核性是稳定的。表明该菌田间分离株是永久性异核体。这一现象与已报道的分生孢子为单核的虫生真菌异核现象不同,了解这一现象及其实质对认识该菌生理、菌种改良以及提高野外防治害虫的效果有重要意义。     

金斑夜蛾的研究

为害水稻的金翅夜蛾在赣榆县有三个虫种,即金斑夜蛾(Chrysaspidia festucae L.)、稻金斑夜蛾(C.festata G.)各C.major W.,以第一种发生较多。本文着重报道该虫在赣榆的发生和危害情况。其幼虫主要危害水稻和小麦,并取食稗草、看麦娘等禾本科杂草,以及莎草科和香蒲科植物,每年发生4代,以低龄幼虫在麦田越冬,来年以第一代为害水稻最重。 造成本地大发生的原因有三:1.连续数年夏季没有酷暑;2.越冬代蛾量基数大;3.有丰富的紫云英和苕子等蜜源植物。1976年第一代幼虫大发生,就是同时具备上述三个条件造成的。 探讨了测报途径和方法。     

Protective Effects of Anthocyanins from Coreopsis tinctoria against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in MIN6 Cells

Anthocyanins (AC) from Coreopsis tinctoria possesses strong antioxidant properties, while the effects of AC on cells damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus diseases progression have not been reported. The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective property of AC against cellular oxidative stress with an experimental model, H₂O₂‐exposed MIN6 cells. AC could reverse the decrease of cell viability induced by H₂O₂ and efficiently suppressed cellular ROS production and cell apoptosis. In addition, Real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that AC could protect MIN6 cells against oxidative injury through increasing the translocation of Nrf2 into nuclear, decreasing the phosphorylation level of p38 and up‐regulating the protein expression of antioxidant enzyme (SOD1, SOD2 and CAT). Thus, this study provides evidence to support the beneficial effect of AC in inhibiting MIN6 cells from H₂O₂‐induced oxidative injury.     

紫叶小檗刺的形态与发生——对小檗属植物刺的重新认识

针对目前人们对小檗属植物刺的来源存在不同见解,本研究通过实体解剖及石蜡切片技术,以紫叶小檗为代表研究小檗属植物刺的形态和发生,结果表明,紫叶小檗的刺均为叶刺,而非茎刺,明确了小檗属的刺为叶的变态。     

基于高通量测序的麦红吸浆虫转录组分析

麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)是一种世界性的小麦害虫。为获得其转录组信息,本研究采用新一代高通量测序技术Illumina HiSeq TM 2000对麦红吸浆虫成虫转录组进行测序。共获得转录组样本数据量为27.88 G,经分析共获得59257个Unigenes,总长度49861164 bp,最短20 bp,最长29282 bp,平均长度841 bp。将Unigenes序列与NR、NT、Swiss-Prot、KEGG、GO和KOG数据库进行比对(e≤10-10),共获得95029个结果。通过GO功能分类,共有19584个Unigenes在GO数据库中细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程等3大类50个功能组中找到对应。与KOG数据库进行比对,共有11279个麦红吸浆虫Unigenes被注释,按功能大致可分为26类。通过KEGG pathways分析,共有9110个麦红吸浆虫Unigenes被注释,分别归属于细胞进程、环境信息进程、遗传信息进程、新陈代谢和有机体系统5大类代谢途径,主要包括细胞生长与死亡、细胞运动、信号转导、能量代谢等32类代谢途径。CDS预测发现30088条序列可被编码,占全部基因的50.78%。SSR位点查找发现,在59257个Unigenes中共找到36323个SSR位点,发生率为61.30%。本研究获得的巨大的麦红吸浆虫转录组信息,为麦红吸浆虫的功能基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。     

An innovative protein expression system using RNA polymerase I for large-scale screening of high-nucleic-acid content Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred source of RNA derivatives, which are widely used as supplements for foods and pharmaceuticals. As the most abundant RNAs, the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) have no 5′ caps, thus cannot be translated to proteins. To screen high-nucleic-acid content yeasts more efficiently, a cap-independent protein expression system mediated by Pol I has been designed and established to monitor the regulatory changes of rRNA synthesis by observing the variation in the reporter genes expression. The elements including Pol I-recognized rDNA promoter, the internal ribosome entry site from cricket paralytic virus which can recruit ribosomes internally, reporter genes (URA3 and yEGFP3), oligo-dT and an rDNA terminator were ligated to a yeast episomal plasmid. This system based on the URA3 gene worked well by observing the growth phenotype and did not require the disruption of cap-dependent initiation factors. The fluorescence intensity of strains expressing the yEGFP3 gene increased and drifted after mutagenesis. Combined with flow cytometry, cells with higher GFP level were sorted out. A strain showed 58% improvement in RNA content and exhibited no sequence alteration in the whole expression cassette introduced. This study provides a novel strategy for breeding high-nucleic-acid content yeasts.