Host-Parasite Interactions and Purifying Selection in a Microsporidian Parasite of Honey Bees

To clarify the mechanisms of Nosema ceranae parasitism, we deep-sequenced both honey bee host and parasite mRNAs throughout a complete 6-day infection cycle. By time-series analysis, 1122 parasite genes were significantly differently expressed during the reproduction cycle, clustering into 4 expression patterns. We found reactive mitochondrial oxygen species modulator 1 of the host to be significantly down regulated during the entire infection period. Our data support the hypothesis that apoptosis of honey bee cells was suppressed during infection. We further analyzed genome-wide genetic diversity of this parasite by comparing samples collected from the same site in 2007 and 2013. The number of SNP positions per gene and the proportion of non-synonymous substitutions per gene were significantly reduced over this time period, suggesting purifying selection on the parasite genome and supporting the hypothesis that a subset of N. ceranae strains might be dominating infection.     

厚壳贻贝whirlin类贝壳基质蛋白的重组表达与功能分析

贝壳历来是生物工程和材料学研究的重要对象。贝壳中的贝壳基质蛋白质在贝壳的形成与发育过程中具有重要的调控作用。Whirlin类蛋白质(Whirlin-like protein,WLP)是一种从厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)中鉴定的新型贝壳基质蛋白质。序列分析结果显示,该蛋白质含有PDZ(postsynaptic density/Discs large/Zonula occludens)结构域,而该结构域对贝壳生物矿化的影响目前尚无报道。为深入了解WLP在贝壳形成中对碳酸钙晶体的影响,在序列分析基础上,采用密码子优化结合原核重组表达,获得其重组表达产物后,开展了重组WLP对碳酸钙晶体形貌及晶型的影响研究,结晶速度抑制以及碳酸钙晶体结合分析。分析结果表明,重组WLP能诱导文石型碳酸钙晶体的形貌和方解石型碳酸钙晶体的晶型发生改变;同时重组WLP对碳酸钙晶体具有结合作用,且能抑制碳酸钙晶体的结晶速度。上述结果表明,WLP对贝壳的形成及发育具有重要影响,并可能在贝壳肌棱柱层的形成中发挥了重要作用。     

广东省种子植物分布新资料

报道广东省种子植物分布新记录2属——甜茅属(Glyceria R. Br.)及锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)，2个新记录种——甜茅[Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica (Steud.) T. Koyama et Kawano]及锦鸡儿[Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder]，均发现于丹霞山国家级自然保护区。新记录的发现对于研究丹霞山的区系发生具有一定指示意义。     

Oat leaf base: tissue with an efficient regeneration capacity

Summary An efficient short term regeneration system using seedling derived oat (Avena sativa) leaf tissue has been developed. Callus derived from the leaf base showed a higher response of plant regeneration than callus initiated from mesocotyls and more mature parts of the leaves. A correlation between the nuclear DNA content of the donor material, as analysed with flow cytometry, and its ability to form callus was observed. Somatic embryogenesis was histologically recognised from callus derived from tissue close to the apical meristem. Plant regeneration media with various concentrations of auxin were tested. Callus from three different cultivars had a similar regeneration potential with an optimal regeneration frequency of 60%. About 2 months after inoculation regenerated plantlets could be moved to a greenhouse for cultivation.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - DAPI 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - KT kinetin - MS Murashige and Skoog's medium - NAA naphthalene acetic acid     

氯化钠对培养的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞的心房钠尿肽受体的调节

培养的卒中型自发性高血压大鼠(SHR_(sp))及其对照 WKY 大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMC)上存在心房钠尿肽(ANP)的特异性受体,它们与~(125)I-ANP 的最大结合量(B_(max))是:SHR_(sp)3.65±0.13和 WKY 1.89±0.09 pmol/mg pr(P<0.01);解离平衡常数(Kd)值分别是72.6±10.2和42.0±4.8×10~(-12)mol/L(P<0.01)。 两种细胞内介导舒血管作用的第二信使、环磷酸乌苷(cGMP)的基础浓度无显著差异,对相同剂量 ANP 刺激引起 cGMP 分别增加139(SHRsp)和271(WKY)倍。可见 SHRsp 的 VSMC ANP 受体数量虽比 WKY大鼠增多,但对相同剂量 ANP 引起的 cGMP 增加反应及 ANP 受体的亲和力均显著降低。高盐培养液孵育24h 后,细胞表面 ANP 受体的亲和力改变不明显,但受体数量下调,SHRsp 和 WKY 大鼠分别降至对照的34.8±8.2%和38.6±9.4%,细胞对 ANP 引起的 cGMP增加反应明显降低,且均以 SHR_(sp)较显著。提示后两种变化可能在高盐促进血压升高的机制中起作用。     

地里恙螨幼虫形态变异的研究

我们在研究甲乙两型地里恙螨子代的形态和两型地里恙螨的杂交实验中,发现这两者子代幼虫中有出现形态变异的现象。 1.后侧毛基的移位:从沿海某县采回的甲型地里恙螨(以下简称“C甲”)在实验室饲养繁殖的F_1标本中,出现一只左边后侧毛位置正常而右边后侧毛向上移位至感毛基的前侧(见图1)。左边A-P为27.6